Ap Psych Unit 1 review

Chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

DNA

a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

Genes

biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins

Genome

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes

Molecular genetics

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes

Heritability

the proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes 

Epigenetics

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without DNA change

Norepinephrine

Helps control alertness and arousal. Undersupply is linked to depression; oversupply is linked to anxiety and mania. 

GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter that acts as a natural tranquilizer and calms the brain. Undersupply is linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia. 

Glutamate

A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory and learning. Undersupply is linked to concentration problems; oversupply is linked to migraines and seizures. 

Endorphins

Influence the perception of pain and pleasure. Undersupply is linked to depression; oversupply can make people feel anxious or wired.