Rizal Works

PRELIM

Claro M. Recto

born: February 8 1890 ; died: October 2 1960

• the author or main proponent of the law

• A filipino statesman, jurist, poet and one of the foremost statesmen of his generation

• He is remembered for his nationalism for “the impact of his patriotic convictions on modern political thought”

1916-legal adviser to the first Philippine Senate

1919, elected representative of the second district of Batangas

1925-minority floor leader

member of the Independence Mission to US

1934-Recto presided over the assembly that drafted the Philippine Constitution

1942-1943 Commissioner of Education

1943-1944 Minister of Foreign Affairs and

1960 Cultural Envoy with the rank of Ambassador on a cultural mission to Europe and Latin America abogado

milagroso (lawyer of miracles)

poet, playwright, essayist

Jose P. Laurel

the sponsor the said law

Republic Act No. 1425

• An Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities courses on the Life Works and Writings of JOSE RIZAL, particularly his novels NOLI ME TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO, Authorizing the Printing and Distribution Thereof, and for Other Purposes

- Whereas, today, more than other period of our history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and died.

- Whereas, it is meet that in honoring them, particularly the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember with special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character;

- Whereas, the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially during their formative and decisive years in school, should be suffused.

- Whereas, all educational institutions are under the supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and to teach the duties of citizenship; Now therefore,

- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled

Section 1

This section mandates the students to read the two greatest novels of Rizal. These two shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or private.

Section 2

This section mandates the schools to have "an adequate number" of copies in their libraries.

Section 3

This section orders the Board of National Education to publish the works in English, Tagalog, and other major Philippine languages.

Section 4

It prohibits the discussion of religious doctrines by persons engaged in any public school

Section 5

A sum of 300 thousand pesos is appropriated to carry out the purposes of the law.

Section 6

It shall take effect upon its approval.

Rizal Law

Mandates the teaching of the LIFE WORKS AND WRITING of Rizal in ALL SCHOOL in the country

Objective of the R.A 1425

• To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes lived and died

• To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino character

• To gain an inspiring source of patriotism thru the study of Rizal's life, work and writing

Constantino (1969)

claims that Rizal was an American sponsored hero because of the Taft Commission of 1901

Act No. 137

organized a politico-military district and named it as the province of Rizal.

Act No. 243

authorized a public subscription for the erection of a monument in honor of Rizal at Luneta

Act No. 345

sets aside the anniversary of Rizal's death as a day of observance.

Guerrero (1998)

1. Since the Filipinos love peace, they have chosen to magnify a man of peace above the men of war

2. Because Filipinos are lovers of freedom and justice, they have given their worship to a man who gave up all comforts and pleasures of peace for their sakes

3. Filipinos prize virtue more than victory, and sacrifice above success.

Fisher (1962)

• Rizal is pioneer Exponent of Liberal Democracy in Asia

Rizal, spoken out with firmness and courage ideas on liberal democracy:

- worth and dignity of individual

- Inviolability of human rights

- Innate equality of all men and races

- Constitutional government

- Due process of law

- Popular sovereignty

- Faith in human reason and enlightenment

- Public education

- Social progress through freedom

June 12 1956

Philippines Independence Day

Birth of a Hero

• Wednesday between eleven midnight

• He was baptized on June 22, 1861 presided by Fr. Rufino Collantes and Fr. Pedro Casanas (Godfather)

• He was named after St. Joseph

Full name of Rizal

Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

June 19, 1861

Birthdate of Rizal

Date of Death Rizal

December 30 1896

Pen Names

Laong Laan and Dimasalang

Other Pseudonym

Agno and Calambeno as well as the intials P. Jacinto

Dr.

 honorific title given in recognition of his medical degree (Licentiante in Medicine from the Universidad Central De Madrid) 

Jose

Name given in honor of St. Joseph, chosen by his mother

Protasio

From St. Gervasius and St. Protasius, saints commemorated on his birthdate (June 19)

Rizal

from the spanish word “ricial” meaning a green field where crops grow again (adopted by his father, Francisco Mercado)

Mercado

Spanish surname meaning “market”, adopted by the family during spanish colonial policy on surnames

Alonso

from his mother’s maternal family line

Realonda

taken from the maternal side of his mother’s family (Dona Teodora Alonso Realonda)

Mercado Rizal Ancestor

Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Negrito

Francisco Mercado Rizal

• He was born on May 11, 1818 at Biñan, Laguna.

• He attended College of San Jose in Manila.

• "a model of fathers"

• He died on January 5, 1898.

Teodora Alonso

• She was born on

• November 8, 1826

• Tondo, Manila

• College of Santa Isabel

"My mother is a woman of more than ordinary culture"

• She died on August 16, 1911

• first non-formal teacher of José Rizal.

• On her lap, Jose learned prayers and the alphabet at the age of three.

Saturnina "Neneng" Rizal

• Born: June 4, 1850

• Married Manuel Hidalgo

• The eldest among the Rizal siblings and known for her care and support for the family.

Paciano Rizal

• Born: March 9, 1851

• Partner of Severina Decena

• The only brother of José Rizal and his closest adviser and supporter.

Narcisa "Sisa" Rizal

• Born: October 29, 1852

• Married Antonio Lopez

• Helped recover and identify José Rizal's remains after his execution. cated among the siblings.

Olimpia "Ypia" Rizal

• Born: December 11, 1855

• Married Silvestre Ubaldo

• Remembered for her cheerful and lively personality.

Lucia Rizal

• Born: December 13, 1857

• Married Mariano Herbosa

• Her husband was denied a Catholic burial because of his association with Rizal.

Maria "Biang" Rizal

• Born: June 18, 1859

• Married Daniel Faustino.

• Known for being gentle and religious.

Concepcion "Concha" Rizal

• Born: 1862

• Died at the age of 3

• José Rizal's favorite sister during childhood.

Josefa "Panggoy" Rizal

• Born: 1865

• Unmarried

• Lived a quiet and simple life.

Trinidad "Trining" Rizal

• Born: 1868

• Unmarried

• Keeper of Rizal's famous poem Mi Ultimo Adiós.

Soledad "Choleng" Rizal

• Born: 1870

• Married Pantaleon Quintero

• The youngest and one of the most educated among the siblings.

Domingo Lamco

great-great grandfather a Chinese merchant/immigrant from Chang chow "China's City of Spring", he was married to Ines De la Rosa wealthy Chinese mestiza.

Manuel de Quintos

• Rizal's great grandfather, a Chinese Mestizo from Lingayen Pangasinan. Manuel married Regina Ursua, a woman with Japanese ancestry.

Ute

called by his brother and sisters

Pepe or pepito

the people in calamba knew him as

Jose Alberto

taught him painting, sketching and sculpture 

Gregorio

inspired him to love reading and learning even more

Manuel

helped develop rizal’s physical strength and skills in activities such as wrestling and other martial arts

Maestro Celestino

was his first private tutor amd he was later succeeded by Maestro Lucas Padua

Leon Monroy

a former classmate of Don Francisco Mercado stayed at the Rizal Home and became Jose tutor in Spanish and Latin. However, monroy died only five months later 

Usman

name of black dog of rizal

Alipato

Name of the pony of riza

The story of the Moth

the most famous story told to rizal by his mother. It greatly influenced his life and love for knowledge

Triggered revolutionary changes

Science, technology, economics and prosperity

Industrialism, democracy, and nationalism

A dynamic and creative age especially in Europe and the United States different Concepts arise

1830

Opening of world commerce

Conditions of the Philippines

• Feudalistic social and economic structure 

• Censorship 

• Racial discrimination 

• Intellectual decadence 

• Government processes had no respect for the needs of the people 

Fray Andres De Urdaneta

1565 eastward route (kuroshio current near Japan- American near cape Mendocino- Acapulco)

Manila- Acapulco Galleon

1565 to 1815

1521

• magellan arrived Philippines already trading with our Southeast Asia neighbors including china 

• magellan discovered the Westward Route

Nov 21 1564

 san pedro, san pablo, san lucas and san juan from mexico noticed the fantastic trading system 

Galleon Carried

• Cottons 

• Ivory 

• Gold 

• Spices 

• Silk 

• Damask 

• Porcelain

Senor Guillermo Gomez Rivera

• Phil. Honorary President of Asociacion Cultural Galeon de Manila

• 90% of goods were Mexican Silver headed for China

• 10% from Phils such as gold, pearls and plants

Acapulco to Manila (120 days)

P 500, 000 goods

Manila to Acapulco (90 days)

P 250, 000 goods

1454

Pope Alexander VI issued the Inter Caetera,

• established a division of newly discovered territories between Spain and Portugal.

Carlist War

A struggle for the throne between forces loyal to Ferdinand's daughter Isabella and his brother Charles

1587

filipinos landed in california at morro bay near San Luis Obispo, 33 years before the May flower

1595

galleon shipwreck near point reyes just north of the San Francisco bay, survivors swan to shore

Opening of Suez Canal

• 1854, a french company by Ferdinand de Lesseps 

• Opened 1869 and it is 163 kilometers 

• Arabic, Egyptian and some European societies benefited from this canal with its help over irrigation, transportation and strategic military advantages

• Road for global world

19th Century

was the period of political instability of Spain to the frequent rise and fall of the ministries and constitutions.

Canovite system or rotativism

wherein liberals and conservative in Spain took turns in administering the affairs of the country.

Mercantilism

 is an economic doctrine based on the idea that the country's wealth and power can be measured in its stocks of gold and silver.

1834

Philippines was officially opened to foreign trade

Administrative organization

the philippines was governed directly by the spanish crown, thru the ministry of colonies in the 18th century

Governor general

• Head of the spanish colonial government in the country 

• He was the vice royal patron

• He was also the commander in chief of the colonial army 

• He was an ex officio president of the royal audiencia

Provinces

• During the Spanish regime were calledal caldias

• Headed by Alcalde Mayor

• Exercised Executive and Judicial Functions

Towns

• Also called Pueblos

• Headed by Gobernadorcillo

• His principal responsibility was tax collection

Barrios

• also called Barangays

• Headed by Cabeza de Barangay

• His main function was the maintenance of peace and order and the collection of taxes, and tributes in the barangay.

City Government

• Also called Ayuntamiento

• Headed by Cabildo or City Council, City

• Mayor or Alcalde en Ordinario, Councilors or regidores, chief constable or aguacil mayorand a secretary or escrubano

FRIAR

• The supervising representative of the Spanish government for all local affairs

• His approval was necessary on almost all acts of the local officials.

• Frailocracia, the situation which the civil authorities feared the friar's because of their power and influence

GUARDIA CIVIL

Was organize in 1867, as a corps of native police under the leadership of Spanish officer's for the purpose of dealing with outlaws and renegades

FILIBUSTERO

Enemies of the government

EREHES

Enemies of the catholic church

AUDENCIA REAL

Were two territorial audencias

• courts of first instance and the

• justice of the peace court

RESIDENCIA

the trial of an outgoing governor general to account for his acts during his tenure of office

VISITADOR

investigating officer to probe on the complaints against the governor-general

FEUDALISTIC

 the Filipinos were treated as slaves by the Spanish conquerors

Polo y servicio

forced labor to the government and the catholic church

DOCTRINE OF LIMPIEZA DE SANGRE

(purity of blood)

Peninsulares

or the Spaniards born in Spain

Insulares

the Spaniards born in the Philippines

Mestizos

the Spanish and Chinese

Principalia

the ruling class of native elite

Indios

the browned skinned natives who composed the majority of the people

MId of 19th Century

• schools were under the control of the friars

• instructions created on the teaching of fear of God and Obedience to the friars

• Introduction as the principal method of teaching

• Filipinos were taught that they were of inferior intelligence and suited only for manual work

• Teaching, developed severe inferiority complex and culture of silence

University of Santo Tomas (1611)

founded by Dominicans and the only existing higher education or university which offered courses in medicine, pharmacy, theology, philosophy and canon and civil law.