Lower Extremity Anatomy & Bone Structure w/ Matching and Labeling (RAD 1101)

The Foot

The foot consists of 3 parts:

- phalanges

- metatarsals

- tarsals

superior aspect

dorsum or dorsal

inferior aspect

plantar surface

How many phalanges are in each foot?

14

The big toe has _____ phalanges

2

The other toes have ____ phalanges

3

The phalange bones consist of:

- proximal

- middle

- distal

Each phalanx consists of a _______, ________, and ________

head, shaft/body, base

head of phalanx

distal, rounded end

shaft/body of phalanx

center portion

base of phalanx

expanded, proximal end

The big toe is the ________ aspect of the foot

medial

When counting the toes, you start with the ______ _____

big toe

The big toe is known as the _____

halix

How many metatarsals are there?

5

What do the metatarsals form?

instep

What does the instep form?

sole of the foot

Each metatarsal consists of a _______, ________, and ________

head, base, and shaft

Sesamoids are ________ to the head of the 1st metatarsal

inferior

Sesamoids are inferior to which metatarsal?

1st

The highest prominence on the dorsum of the foot is on the proximal or distal end of the _______ metatarsal?

proximal end; 2nd

The 5th metatarsal has a _________ at its base

tuberosity

Which metatarsal has a tuberosity at its base?

5th

How many tarsal bones are there?

7

The tarsal bones include:

- talus

- calcaneus

- cuboid

- navicular

- medial cuneiform

- intermediate cuneiform

- lateral cuneiform

The talus is also know as

Astragalus

body of talus

thickest portion

head of talus

rounded anterior head and articulates with navicular/scaphoid

trochlea of talus

superior curved or knob-like process that articulates superiorly with the tibia and forms the domes of the talus

The talus articulates with the tibia

superiorly

The talus articulates with the fibula

superiorly

The talus articulates with the calcaneus

inferiorly

The talus articulates with the navicular

anteriorly

calcaneus (Os calcis)

largest tarsal

The calcaneus is the ________ ________ bone as it transmits weight of bone to ground

weight bearing

The calcaneus contains the _______ _______ and ______ ______

sustentaculum tali and calcaneal tuberosity

sustentaculum tali

shelf on the medial aspect that supports the talus

calcaneal tuberosity

prominence on posterior portion of the calcaneus that serves for attachment of the Achilles tendon

The calcaneus articulates with the talus

superiorly

The calcaneus articulates with the cuboid

anteriorly

The calcaneus forms the ________ ______ and ________ _______

subtalar joint and sinus tarsi

subtalar joint

below the talus and provides articulation between the talus and calcaneus

What joint articulates the talus and calcaneus?

subtalar joint

sinus tarsi

hole within the subtalar joint

cuboid

cube shaped tarsal

The cuboid is on the __________ aspect of the foot

lateral

The cuboid articulates with the calcaneus

posteriorly

The cuboid articulates with the 3rd cuneiform

medially

The cuboid articulates with the 4th & 5th metatarsals

anteriorly

The navicular is on the ________ aspect of the foot

medial

The navicular articulates with the talus

posteriorly

The navicular articulates with the 3 cuneiforms

anteriorly

How many cuneiforms are there?

3

What are the 3 cuneiforms named?

- medial cuneiform

- intermediate cuneiform

- lateral cuneiform

1st cuneiform

medial cuneiform

2nd cuneiform

intermediate cuneiform

3rd cuneiform

lateral cuneiform

The cuneiforms articulate with the navicular

posteriorly

The cuneiforms articulate with the metatarsals

anteriorly

Only the 3rd cuneiform articulates with the cuboid

laterally

Only the _______ cuneiform articulates with the cuboid laterally

3rd

The 2 arches of the foot include:

- longitudinal arch

- transverse arch

If the arch of the foot is weakened, it is known as

fallen arches

The Lower Leg

The lower leg consists of the

tibia and fibula

fibula

little bone on lateral side

tibia

tremendous bone on medial side

The fibula is a _________ ___________ bone

non-weightbearing

The fibula is on the ______ aspect of the lower leg

lateral

head of fibula

proximal rounded end that articulates with the tibia at the lateral condyle on the same bone as the tibial tuberosity

styloid process of fibula

sharp pointed end at the head

shaft/body of fibula

center portion

lateral malleolus

meaning "Little Hammer" which is a hammer-like process on the distal end toward the ankle that helps and protects the ankle joint

What parts of the fibula are closest to the knee joint?

head and styloid process

The tibia is on the _______ aspect of the lower leg

medial

medial condyle of tibia

knob-like process on proximal end that articulates with the medial condyle of the femur

lateral condyle of tibia

knob-like process on proximal end that articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur and superior to the head of the fibula

intercondylar eminence

sharp pointed process between the condyles for attachments of the ACL and PCL (ligaments) that stabilizes the knee joint

posterior intercondyloid fossa (ICF)

depression on posterior aspect between the condyles

tibial plateau

superior smooth surface for articulations with condyles of the femur

Tibial plateau fractures are very unstable leaving a patient unable to walk as it is a ________ ________ bone

weight bearing

tibial tuberosity

rounded prominence on the anterior surface for attachment of the patella ligament (hump at very front)

tibial facet

superior tibial/fibular joints where the head of the fibula articulates with the tibia

shaft of tibia

center portion of bone

fibular notch

near the ankle as distal tibial-fibula joint

medial malleolus

hammer-like process on the distal tibia and helps to form the ankle joint

What parts of the tibia are proximal near the knee?

- medial condyle

- lateral condyle

- intercondylar eminence

- posterior intercondyloid fossa

- tibial plateau

- tibial tuberosity

- tibial facet

What 2 spots do the tibia and fibula articulate at?

tibial facet and fibular notch

Where in relation is the tibia to the talus?

superior

The Ankle

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

hinge and diarthrodial

ankle joint

allows dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

The ankle joint is formed by the _________, ________, and _________

tibia, fibula, talus

The ankle joint lies 3/4 inches _______ the tips of the malleoli

above

The distal fibula and tibia sits at a ________ to _______ degree angle from the coronal plane

15 to 20

Which two bones articulate to form the medial mortise of the ankle?

medial malleolus and medial aspect of talus

Which two bones articulate to form the lateral mortise of the ankle?

lateral malleolus and lateral aspect of talus

Which two bones articulate to form the superior mortise of the ankle?

base of tibia and superior surface of talus

The medial mortise forms which joint?

tibiotalar joint