General Science - Physical Science: Chemistry - Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
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How many primary physical states does matter normally exist in?
Three different physical states
Matter normally exists in __________ different physical states.
three
Having a definite shape is characteristic of which state of matter?
A solid
A solid has a definite __________.
shape
What volumetric property characterizes a solid?
A definite volume
A solid has a definite __________.
volume
What structural composition does a solid generally possess?
Small crystals
A solid generally consists of small __________.
crystals
How are the small crystals within a solid structurally joined?
Tightly joined together
The small crystals in a solid are ________ joined together.
tightly
Having molecular particles that are still in motion is characteristic of which substance state?
A solid
Molecular particles in a solid are still in __________.
motion
To what extent does molecular motion occur within a solid?
A much lesser extent
Molecular motion in a solid occurs to a much __________ extent.
lesser
What phase relationship does ice share with water?
Ice is the solid state of water
Ice is the __________ state of water.
solid
How is the frozen form of water defined?
Ice
Ice is water in its __________ form.
frozen
Having a definite volume is characteristic of which physical state?
A liquid
A liquid has a definite __________.
volume
A liquid takes the __________ of its container.
shape
What morphological behavior does a liquid exhibit regarding its vessel?
A liquid takes the shape of its container
How do molecular particles behave within a liquid?
Molecular particles move about
Molecular particles in a liquid move __________.
about
What speed characterizes the movement of particles within a liquid?
Particles in a liquid do not move rapidly
Particles in a liquid do not move __________.
rapidly
Under what condition is water observed in its liquid form?
When running
Water is in its liquid form when __________.
running
Having no shape is characteristic of which state of matter?
A gas
A gas has no __________.
shape
What volumetric trait describes a gas?
No definite volume
A gas has no definite __________.
volume
What structural characteristic is predominantly found in a gas?
Mostly empty space
A gas is mostly __________ space.
empty
Being capable of readily expanding or compressing is characteristic of which state?
A gas
A gas can readily be expanded or __________.
compressed
What factors drive the expansion or compression of a gas?
Pressure or temperature
Expansion or compression of a gas is driven by either pressure or __________.
temperature
How do particles move within a gas?
Particles in a gas move about rapidly
Particles in a gas move about __________.
rapidly
What phase relationship does steam share with water?
Steam is the gaseous state of water
Steam is the __________ state of water.
gaseous
What kinetic energy characteristic do molecular particles possess when a substance is in a solid state?
Little kinetic energy
Molecular particles of a substance have little __________ energy when forming a rigid structure.
kinetic
Having little molecular kinetic energy is characteristic of which physical state?
A solid state
When molecular particles have little kinetic energy, the substance will be in a __________ state.
solid
What happens to molecular energy when thermal energy is applied to a solid?
Molecules gain kinetic energy
Heating a solid causes molecules to gain __________ energy.
kinetic
Which of these represents the initial solid phase that transitions into liquid water when heated?
Ice
Which of these represents the resulting liquid phase when ice is heated?
Water
How is the melting point of a substance defined?
The temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid
The __________ point is the temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid.
melting
What effect does continued thermal application have on molecular kinetic energy within a liquid?
Molecular kinetic energy increases even more
Further heating increases molecular __________ energy even more.
kinetic
Which of these represents the liquid phase that transitions into steam upon further heating?
Water
Which of these represents the gaseous phase formed when water undergoes further heating?
Steam
How is the boiling point of a substance defined?
The temperature at which a liquid substance changes to a gas
The __________ point is the temperature at which a liquid substance changes to a gas.
boiling
What phase transition occurs when thermal energy is removed from a gas?
A gas changes to a liquid
Lowering the temperature changes a gas to a __________.
liquid
Which phase outcome results from cooling a liquid substance?
A liquid changes to a solid
Lowering the temperature changes a liquid to a __________.
solid
How is the freezing point of a substance defined?
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
The __________ point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.
freezing
What happens to particle movement when matter reaches absolute zero?
Movement of particles in matter ceases
Movement of particles in matter ceases at __________ zero.
absolute
What thermal measurement corresponds directly to absolute zero?
–273°C
Absolute zero is equivalent to __________.
–273°C