Understanding Ethics in Occupational Therapy

Ethics

The study of moral decision making

Morality

A shared belief about right and wrong conduct within a society or culture.

Values

The basis from which morals are developed.

Values Clarification

Understanding and being aware of our values that influence our morality and ethical behavior.

Deontology

Ethical theory based on duty, where some acts are right or wrong regardless of their consequences.

Teleology

Ethical theory where actions are determined and justified by the consequence of the act.

Utilitarian Ethics

Ethical theory that considers the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Virtue Ethics

Ethical theory that focuses on the character of the person rather than specific actions.

Altruism

Ability to place the needs of others before your own.

Equality

Treating all people impartially and free of bias.

Freedom

Freedom and personal choice are paramount in a profession where the desires of the client must guide interventions.

Justice

Diverse communities are inclusive; all members can function, flourish, and live a satisfactory life.

Dignity

Promotion and preservation of the individuality of the client, achieved by treating patients with respect.

Truth

All OT personnel must provide accurate information in all forms; oral, electronic, and written.

Prudence

Using clinical and ethical reasoning skills, sound judgment, and reflection to make decisions.

Code of Ethics

Sets a standard for the profession and safeguards the client as well as practitioners.

Beneficence

Acts of mercy, altruism, preventing harm, defending the rights of others.

Nonmaleficence

Refrain from causing harm.

Autonomy

The client has the right to make decisions about their care (informed consent) and to maintain their privacy.

Veracity

Truthfulness, candor, honesty.

Fidelity

Faithfulness; maintaining good-faith relationships with clients and colleagues.

Ethical Dilemma

When values conflict and there is no clear consensus as to the 'right' thing to do.

Agencies Concerned With Ethical Conduct of OT Professionals and Personnel

AOTA, NBCOT, State Regulatory Boards (Licensure)

AOTA

American Occupational Therapy Association, which oversees the ethical conduct of OT professionals.

NBCOT

National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy, which has various types of disciplinary actions.

State Regulatory Boards

Public bodies created by state legislatures to ensure health/safety of its citizens.

Commission of Standards and Ethics (SEC)

Responsible for writing, revising, and enforcing the OT Code of Ethics.