Praxis 2 PLT 5622-Theorists

Benjamin Bloom

studied three learning domains: cognitive, performance, and affective

Albert Bandura

Social learning theory; children learn by observing others

Jerome Bruner

Discovery learning and scaffolding; learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based on knowledge or past experiences

John Dewey

learning through experiences; father of progressive education practice; project-based learning, cooperative learning, arts-integration activities

John Dewey

Teach children to be problem solvers by helping them learn to think as opposed to helping them learn only the content of a lesson

Erik Erikson

eight stages of human development based on conflict or crisis

Carol Gilligan

Stages of the ethic of care; questions male-centered personality psychology; theory of moral development of women

Lawrence Kohlberg

theory of moral development; pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional

Abraham Maslow

lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs can be met

Maria Montessori

childhood is divided into four stages, which are divided into 6 year intervals; three stages of the learning process

Jean Piaget

stages of cognitive development; 4 stages: sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational

BF Skinner

grandfather of behaviorism; operant conditioning; learning is a function of change in observable behavior; a stimulus-response is reinforced, the individual becomes conditioned to respond

Lev Vygotzky

zone of proximal development; social development their of learning

Howard Gardner

theory of multiple intelligences; 8 multiple intelligences; ex: logical/mathematical, verbal/linguistic

Nitza Hidalgo

theory: three levels of culture; concrete, behavioral, symbolic

Luis Moll

Theory: funds of knowledge; multicultural families have funds of knowledge

David Ausubel

theory: advance organizer; introduced before learning begins and designed to help students link prior knowledge to current lesson's content; semantic webs, KWL charts, concept maps

Albert Bandura

theory: modeling; requires several steps: attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

Lee Canter

theory: assertive discipline; teachers clearly communicate expectations and class rules and follow through with expectations; child has no choice: follow or face consequences

William Glasser

theory: Choice theory; aka control theory; teachers focus on students behavior, not students when resolving classroom conflicts; class meetings to change behavior; "our space to learn"

Jacob Kounin

theory: with-it-ness; awareness of what is happening in the classroom

Ivan Pavlov

theory: classical conditioning; unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus; conditioned response; experimental basis for behaviorist