Night Rating PFC

What percent of spatial awareness relies on vision

80%

What are cones in the eye, and what are they for

in the fovea, which is a small area in the back of the eye, used to see color

What are Rods in the eye and what are they for

all around and back of the eye, gives us peripheral vision, significatley more sensitive to movement and light

What is Optical Nerve Blind Spot

Each eyes blind spot is filled in by the opposite eye

How long does it take for eyes to adjust to night

30 mins

above what altitude is night vision reduced

5000ft ASL

Black hole effect

Occurs when dark with no ground, sky or horizon reference to determine location or orientation in space

White out Effect

Similar to black out but bright white. EX blowing snow

Auto kinesis

With an insufficient amount of visual stimulation, the brain interprets stationary objects as moving or dancing around

Visual Filtering

if our eyes arent given new visual information our brain will fill in or remove unchanging data on its own

Empty field myopia

Our eyes focus at 3-5 feet infront of us by default

Bright lights seem closer or further than they actually are?

cities and many other lights at night often look much closer. Dim lights may seem further

False Horizon

Edge of city lights, clouds, stars etc can sometimes look like the horizon

Stars on ground lights

Dark nights when the horion is hard to see city light can be interpreted as stars

Wide runway

makes it look like youre low on approach so you might approach too hiugh

narrow runway

makes it look like youre high on appraoch so you might approach too low

Accceleration/Decelleration illusion

Acceleration Feels like pitching up deceleration feels like pitching down

The leans

Body feels like youre in an attitude youre not in

Hyperventilation

causes Too much oxygen in the blood. Symptoms: Rapid breathing, Panic< Dizziness, Tingles

Hypoxia height for smokers and non smokers

non smokers 10,000 smokers 5000

Minimum lights at night

Steady white edge lights, fixed red lights to mark unservicable areas,

What is eye to wheel height

vertical distance from wheel to eyes, changes perspective on the papi lights

Arcal type J

Mic button 5 times within 5 seconds for lights 15 mins

Arcal type K

7 times to activate lights once lit 3 times for low, 5 for medium and 7 for bright. stays on 15 mins

equipment requirements for Night VFR

FATDAPPILOVE* Fuses, Attitude, Turn coordinator, Directional Gyro(if airport not in sight) Altimeter(sensitive) Pitot tube, Position & anti collision lights, instrument lights, landing light(with PAX) OAT, VSI, electrical supply for all equipment, Flashlight

Weather minima for night below and above 1000ft class G

Above 1000, 3 SM 500 FT vertical 2000 Horizontal Below 1000 3SM vis Clear of cloud

Is VFR OTT permitted at night

Heeellll nahhhhhh

do runways look closer or further at night

look closer than they actually are at night

What are some signs of alternator failure

Repeatedly turning up interior light brightness, no response to radio transmissions, lights dim during radio calls.

What are you control instruments

Tachometer, Attitude indicator

What are your Performance instruments

Attitude, Airspeed, Altimeter, VSI, Heading, turn coordinator, magnetic compass

What is a rate 1 turn and how long does it take to fly 360 degrees

3 degrees per second turn. 2 minutes for 360 degrees

How many degrees do you turn in 10 second rate 1 turn

30 degrees

100RPM change in settings affects airspeed or VSI how much

5kts or 100FPM

What is the rule of thumb for angle of bank and rate 1 turn

15% of TAS