SPAU 4308 - Exam 1

Language Disorders in Children. cmoolas

communication

A process through which you send messages to and receive messages from others through gestures and expressions without words

actions, language

what are two methods of communicating?

true

true/false: effective communicators are good are using BOTH language and actions to express themselves

language

A code whereby ideas about the world are represented through a conventional system of arbitrary signals for communication

coded symbols

refer to real things, concepts, or ideas

referents

what the symbols represent

symbols

-Arbitrary, evolved over time
-They can be letters, words, etc
-Whatever it is represents something

speech

oral expression of language

respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation

speech requires what 4 things to be working properly?

respiration

airflow

phonation

vocal sounds

resonation

speech modification

articulation

speech sound placement

false

true/false: speech and language are the same

paralinguistics

-the melodic components of speech
-stress and intonation give meaning

nonlinguistics

-nonverbal communication, "silent language"
-cues we use to enhance meaning

metalinguistics

-knowledge of language

phonology

sound system of a language

phoneme

smallest unit of sound

syntax

the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Morphology

units of meaning involved in word formation

morpheme

in language, the smallest unit that carries meaning

semantics

Meaning of words and sentences

pragmatics

the appropriate use of language in different contexts

dyadic communication

an exchange of information between two people

encoding

the processing of information into the memory system

decoding

interpreting and trying to make sense of the message

auditory, visual graphic, visual gesture systems

list three modes of communication

bottom up theory

A linear model of reading that proceeds from perceiving letters to understanding sentences

top down theory

A linear model of reading that begins with meaning-making processes such as using semantic and syntactic information and only later employs visual information like association of letters and sounds.

interactive theory

the theory that popular culture both shapes and reflects popular opinion

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

symbols, aids, strategies, and techniques used as a supplement or alternative to oral language

Central Nervous System (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

Broca'a area

involved in language production. if damaged, could lead to difficulty putting words together in sentences or even speaking single words, although a person can sing a song. can understand, but trouble speaking

wernicke's area

controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe

trigeminal, facial, abducens, glossal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

what cranial nerves TFAGVSH stand for?

learning disabilities

heterogeneous groups or disorders that affect the acquisition of skills in the following areas: listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities

NCLB

No Child Left Behind Act

IDEA, part B

Covers assistance for education of all children with disabilities

IDEA, part c

part of federal law that outlines services for
birth to 3 students with disabilities, early
intervening services

true

true/false: there was a 267% increase in learning disability diagnoses

low birth weight, low APGAR score, low maternal education, lack of parental care, maternal tobacco use during pregnancy, ADHD, hearing loss, heredity

risk factors for learning disability

illocution

the speaker has an intention to communicate

locution

expressing that intention to make a connection with someone else

perlocution

the person understanding the gist of what you're trying to say

reflexive vocalizations

-birth to 2 months
-Cries, reactions to internal stimuli
-Communicative crying

cooing and laughter

-2 to 4 months
-Associated with states of pleasure, comfort

vocal play

4-6 months
-attempts to articulate Vs and Cs

babbling

-6+ months
-reduplicated (canonical)
-non reduplicated (variagated)

jargon

-10+ months
-First words mixed with non words
-Put together with a variety of stress and intonation patterns

Halliday's functions

9-16/18 months
the intentions for communicating are: instrumental, regulatory, interaction, personal, heuristic, pretend play, informative

two-word utterances

phrases children put together, starting around 18 months, such as "my ball," "mo wawa," or "go way."

fast mapping

learning new words with minimal exposure

order of word acquisition

Objects
Actions
Attributions
Temporal, spatial, constant
MBCDI

mean length of utterance (MLU)

The average length of children's spoken statements (measured in phonemes).

interpersonal, textual, ideational-experiential

list the three functions of language

emergent literacy

children's active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences

chronological age

Age as measured in years from date of birth

mental age

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

language age

The chronological age at which the child's obtained language test score would be typical

true

true/false: Important to establish IQ without relying on VIQ

Percentage of loss is affected by age

If you have a three year old who has a language age of 2 years, that loss is 30% of their lifetime
If you have an 8yo who presents as a 7yo, that percentage shrinks as you get older and older
For kids who are really young, it sets up this negative view of the children

unnatural communication setting

what is a negative of standardized testing for SLI?

Hard to measure
Subjective

what is a negative of using social standard to test for SLI?

Giving evidence for a social standard

Take a language sample to show how the child talks to demonstrate discourse and narrative abilities

MA/CA x 100

how to calculate IQ

100

What is the average IQ score?

trouble with grammatical forms, non-word repetition

clinical markers for SLI

established risk

youngsters with a diagnosed medical disorder of known etiology and predictable prognosis or outcome

family history, birth order, parental education levels, gender, SES

risk factors for SLI

delay

think "late"
Slow to develop
In sequence

disorder/impairment

One area of language primarily affected
Asynchronous

Comprehension and expression difficulties

Language appears to be impaired more globally

Expression difficulties only

Child appears to understand language, but has trouble communicating wants/needs/ideas effectively
SELD

SELD

Slow expressive language development
The child understand, they get the gist of things
But as they're trying to formulate utterances for what they need they have trouble

implicit rule deficit account

Children are wired to learn language implicitly. They do not require formal instruction. The quality and the quantity of language exposure matters. Unless you have SLI because kids with SLI do not learn language implicitly.

quantity of language, quality of language

kids learn language being exposed to two things

Age of child (or developmental stage)
Method of identification
Service model used

what factors are intervention for SLI based off?