Cell Biology, Reproduction, and Plant Anatomy

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering cell structure and division, reproduction types, viral cycles, and flower anatomy based on the lecture notes.

Daughter cells

The two new cells produced during cell division.

Nuclear membrane

Outer membrane of nucleus that keeps it contained.

Cytoplasm

A cell's contents including cytosol and cellular organelles.

Nucleolus

Center of the nucleus.

Centrioles

A pair of cylindrical structures in animal eukaryotic cells.

Spindle Apparatus

A network of spindle fibers made up of protein tubes called microtubules.

Mitosis

Division of genetic material and the cell nucleus.

Cleavage

Process of cell division without growth.

Cell Plate

Structure across a dividing plant cell that signals the location of new plasma membranes and cell walls.

Mutation

Permanent change to a cell's DNA.

Cancer

A disease where abnormal cells grow and divide out of control.

Oncogenes

A mutated gene that causes cells to grow and divide out of control.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that creates egg and sperm (gametes).

Crossing Over

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids.

Independent Assortment

A genetic rule that states genes separate completely when reproductive cells divide.

Spermatogenesis

Process of male gamete production.

Oogenesis

Process of female gamete production.

Asexual reproduction

Reproduction that involves only one parent.

Sexual reproduction

Reproduction involving fertilization of gametes.

Pathways of human life cycles

The biological stages of development that a human progresses through.

Binary Fission

Asexual form of reproduction in prokaryotes that produces two identical cells.

Budding

A new organism develops from an outgrowth of the parent.

Vegetative reproduction

Growth of a new plant from a modified stem.

Fragmentation

A new organism forms from part of the parent.

Parthenogenesis

Development of an adult organism from an unfertilized egg.

Spores Production

Cells able to produce a new organism.

Lytic cycle

A viral cycle that infects and bursts the host cell.

Lysogenic cycle

A viral cycle that injects DNA into the host cell without killing the host cell.

Stamen

The male reproductive organ in flowering plants.

Pistil

The female reproductive organ that produces seeds.

Anther

Part of the stamen that produces pollen.

Pollen

Tiny grains that contain the male reproductive cells of a plant.

Filament (stalk)

The stalk that supports the anther in a flower.

Sepal

Leaf-like parts that protect flower buds.

Petals

Structures that attract pollinators.

Ovules

Flower part that develops into seeds.

Ovary

Structure that contains ovules.

Style

The stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary.

Stigma

Sticky pollen catchers.