Video Notes: Endocrine Medications and Insulin Management (60 VOCAB Cards)

60 vocabulary-style flashcards focusing on key terms, drugs, diseases, and insulin management concepts from the notes.

hydrocortisone

A glucocorticoid used to treat acute and chronic adrenocortical insufficiency.

glucocorticoid

A corticosteroid class that regulates metabolism and immune response; used to treat adrenal insufficiency.

adrenocortical insufficiency

Inadequate cortisol production by the adrenal cortex requiring steroid replacement.

Addison disease

Primary adrenal insufficiency treated with corticosteroid and mineralocorticoid replacement.

fludrocortisone

A mineralocorticoid used to replace aldosterone in Addison disease.

mineralocorticoid

Corticosteroid that regulates electrolyte balance (example: fludrocortisone).

somatropin

Growth hormone used to treat growth hormone deficiencies, such as Turner's syndrome.

growth hormone

Hormone that stimulates growth; used in deficient states treated with somatropin.

Turner syndrome

Genetic condition (monosomy X) in females; growth hormone therapy with somatropin is used.

growth hormone deficiency

Condition where the body does not produce enough growth hormone.

Propylthiouracil

Antithyroid medication used to treat hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, and thyrotoxic crisis.

antithyroid medication

Drugs that reduce thyroid hormone production; example: propylthiouracil.

hyperthyroidism

Overactive thyroid; can be treated with antithyroid medications like propylthiouracil.

Graves’ disease

Autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism.

thyrotoxic crisis

Thyroid storm; an acute, life-threatening thyrotoxic state.

hypothyroidism

Underactive thyroid; treated with thyroid hormone replacement.

levothyroxine

Thyroid replacement hormone used to treat hypothyroidism.

thyroid replacement hormone

Hormone used to substitute deficient thyroid function (e.g., levothyroxine).

insulin

Hormone used to regulate blood glucose; administered by injection in diabetes therapy.

regular insulin

Short-acting insulin; drawn first when mixing with NPH and provides rapid onset.

NPH insulin

Intermediate-acting insulin; often mixed with regular insulin.

insulin syringe

Syringe used to administer insulin doses.

premixed insulin syringes

Syringes pre-filled with a mix of regular and NPH insulin.

premixed syringes storage

Premixed syringes should be refrigerated for about one week.

refrigerator storage

Store premixed insulin in the refrigerator to preserve potency.

upright needles

Keep needles pointing upward when storing premixed syringes.

subcutaneous injection

Injection given under the skin, not into a muscle.

draw regular insulin first

Instruction to draw regular insulin into the syringe before the NPH to prevent altering the action.

inject insulin subcutaneously

Inject the insulin mixture into subcutaneous tissue rather than a large muscle.

eight units NPH

Amount of intermediate-acting insulin in the prescribed regimen.

four units regular

Amount of short-acting insulin in the prescribed regimen.

before breakfast

Timing for self-injection of insulin in this regimen.

mixing insulins in the same syringe

Practice of drawing two insulin types into the same syringe to reduce injections.

do not mix glargine with other insulins

Long-acting insulin glargine should not be mixed with other insulins.

do not mix detemir with other insulins

Long-acting insulin detemir should not be mixed with other insulins.

insulin action onset

The time it takes for insulin to begin working; varies by type (regular is rapid, NPH is intermediate).

insulin dosing accuracy

Use an appropriate syringe and technique to prevent dosing errors.

premixed syringes shelf life

Premixed syringes should be used within about one week if refrigerated.

insulin storage guidelines

Store, handle, and administer insulin as instructed to maintain effectiveness.

gentle resuspension

Gently mix premixed insulin before injection to restore uniform suspension.

never shake premixed insulin

Shaking can damage insulin; gently resuspend instead.

one syringe to reduce injections

Using a single syringe to draw two insulins to lessen injections.

glargine

Long-acting insulin; should not be mixed with other insulins.

detemir

Long-acting insulin; should not be mixed with other insulins.

self-injection instruction

Education given to a patient who will administer injections themselves.

action onset of regular insulin

Regular insulin has a rapid onset of action.

action duration of NPH

NPH has an intermediate duration of action.

insulin administration route

Insulin is administered subcutaneously, not intramuscularly.

Turner syndrome therapy with somatropin

Growth hormone therapy used to treat Turner syndrome.

thyroid crisis management

Acute management of thyrotoxic crisis with antithyroid medication and supportive care.

Autoimmune thyroid disease

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism.

cortisol replacement in Addison’s

A combination of hydrocortisone and sometimes fludrocortisone for adrenal insufficiency.

insulin dosing units

Insulin doses are measured in units, not milligrams.

insulin regimen before meals

A schedule that includes pre-meal insulin dosing (e.g., before breakfast).

insulin mixing safety

Only mix insulins as recommended to avoid altering onset of action.

educational focus for insulin therapy

Teaching patients about timing, dosing, and administration of insulin.

hydrocortisone vs fludrocortisone roles

Hydrocortisone is a glucocorticoid; fludrocortisone is a mineralocorticoid.

adrenal disorders overview

Key endocrine conditions include Addison disease and adrenocortical insufficiency treated with steroids.

thyroid hormone replacement

Levothyroxine provides thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism.

thyroid hormone production

Hyperthyroid states involve excess thyroid hormone production treated with antithyroid drugs.

growth hormone deficiency in children

A condition treated with somatropin to promote growth.

thyroid storm symptoms (concept)

Acute thyrotoxic state requiring rapid medical intervention.

autoimmune thyroid disease concept

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid disorder.

turner syndrome growth expectations

Turner syndrome commonly involves short stature addressed with growth hormone.