Allied Health Test Guide | CHP. 6

includes major structures, words parts, immune system reactions, viruses, cancers, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, and certain questions on the test

diddy

lymph

a fluid that removes waste, pathogens, and dead blood cells from tissues

lymphatic vessels & ducts

tubes that carry lymph from tissues back to blood stream

lymph notes

small structures that filter pathogens from lymph using immune cells

tonsils & adenoids

lymphatic tissues that protect the respiratory system

spleen

an organ that helps protect the body through immune and lymphatic functions

bone marrow

produces lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell

lymphocytes

white blood cells involved in immune responses

thymus

a gland in the chest that supports the immune and lymphatic systems

diddy

anti-

against

carcin/o

cancerous

immun/o

immune, protection, safe

lymph/o

lymph, lymphatic tissue

lymphaden/o

lymph vessel

neo-, ne/o

new, strange

-oma

tumor, neoplasm

onc/o

tumor

phag/o

eat, swallow

-plasm

formative material of cells

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

splen/o

spleen

-tic

pertaining to

tox/o

poison, poisonous

diddy

hemolytic reaction

given red blood cells are destroyed by the person’s immune system during transfusion (chills, change in blood pressure)

• visual inspection of the patient’s plasma urine

allergic reaction

diagnosed based on the patient’s symptoms, which are often immediate or after (rash, itching, hives, flushing)

febrile reaction

a rise in temperature (rigors, change in blood pressure)

blood typing

identifying a person’'s blood group to ensure compatible blood

cross-matching

testing compatibility of donor and patient blood before a transfusion

anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis)

a life-threatening allergic reaction that happens quickly, causing the body to go into shock'

• hives, flushed skin, low blood pressure, troubled airway, swollen tongue

  • use epinephrine on thigh, check impulse and breathing, give CPR or first, benadryl.

diddy

varicella (chicken pox)

a disease caused by varicella-zoster virus; can remain dormant

• impacts the system by infecting the skin, tissues, and joints caused by bacteria

stages of chickenpox:

1. papules

2. vesicles

3. crust and scabs

shingles

another form chicken pox that causes a painful

• avoid using aspirin or ibuprofen; use anti-viral medication like acylovir

HIV

attack immune cells that protect the body; leads to aids if untreated

• destroys CD4 cells, making it hard to fight illnesses

• spreads through bodily fluids, sharing of needles, and from mothers during pregnancy

ART (antiretroviral therapy)

stops hiv from multiplying, does not cure it

diddy

lymphoma

a blood cancer where white blood cells grow too fast, forming tumors and weakening the immune system

hodgkins

reed-sternberg cells that live too long or grow too much

non-hodgkins

more serious, affects b-lymphocytes (normal white blood cells)

• symptoms: swelling in lymph nodes, fever, fatigue, night sweats, itchy skin

  • effects: heart defects, hypothyroidism, loss of fertility

• treatment: chemotherapy, immunotherapy/stem cell (non-hodgkin’s alone)

diddy

immune thrombocytopenia

immune system destroys platelets, making it hard for blood to clot and causing too much bleeding

signs & symptoms

skin bruises easily, petechiae (purple rash), purpura (bleeding into skin), blood in urine

ITP

blood test that shows low platelet counts, bone marrow biopsy is also checked

• treatments: splenectomy (removes spleen), globulin (stops platelets destruction)

type 1 diabetes

immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, causing no insulin production (at birth)

• without insulin, lack of energy, leads to high blood sugar and feeling unwell

  • symptoms: excessive thirst, frequent urination, bedwetting in children

  • treatments: insulin therapy, counting carbs, fats; monitor blood sugar

A1C test

measures average blood sugar over 2-3 months, 6.5% or higher indicates

• auto-antibodies and ketones (fat breakdown products) in blood and urine (type 1)

type 2 diabetes

common in older or overweight people; pancreas makes insulin, body resists it

lupus

chronic, long-term disease that can cause inflammation and pain in any parts

• attacks healthy tissues and organs, causing the immune system to malfunction

  • organs & systems affected: kidneys, cardiovascular system, blood, skin, joints

  • symptoms: swelling and pain in joints, chest pain, butterfly-shaped rash

    • diagnosed with blood and urine samples/tests; managed with anti-inflammatory meds

diddy

cooley’s anemia (thalassemia)

affects the production of beta protein, causing anemia

• inherited through autosomal recessive (or gene), no hemoglobin

  • blood transfusion: leads to iron overload (where too much iron builds up)

  • symptoms & complications: enlarged kidneys, heart and bone problems, fatigue

diddy

is hiv a virus, bacteria, or cancerous?

virus

what type of cells does hiv attack?

CD4

what is the final phase of HIV?

aids

what is the first line of treatment of anaphylaxis reaction?

epinephrine on thigh

what is immune thrombocytopenia?

when the immune system destroys platelets count

how is cooley’s anemia obtained?

genetic disorder obtained through recessive genes

is chicken pox a virus, bacteria, or cancerous?

virus

what is the main reason chicken pox is spead?

physical contact & airborne

what other virus is realted to chicken pox?

shingles

is hodgekin’s and non-hodgkin’s virus, bacteria, or cancerous?

cancerous

• note: know the differences between the two (signs & symptoms)

is type 1 diabetes a virus, bacteria, cancerous, or autoimmune?

autoimmune

what are the signs and symptoms that show someone having a blood transfusion reaction?

change in vital signs, fever, chills, hives, rash