IBHL translation genetic content

to be used with Bioninja

What determines the properties of assembled polypeptides?

R-groups (side chains) on amino acids have distinct chemical properties that cause the protein to fold and function differently according to their position on the polypeptide chain

What are the four steps in Translation (polypeptide synthesis)

Initiation, Elongation, Translocation, and Termination

How many tRNA binding sites does the large ribosomal subunit have?

three, the A site (aminoacyl), the P site (peptidyl), and the E site (exit)

What is Initiation in translation?

1: The small ribosomal subunit binds to an initiator tRNA that recognizes the start codon (AUG) at the 5' end

2: The large ribosomal subunit binds to the initiator tRNA forming a ribosomal complex

What is Elongation in translation?

1: The initiator tRNA is bound to the central P site and a second tRNA pairs with the next codon on the A site

2: The amino acid in the P site is covalently attached via a peptide bond through a condensation reaction to the amino acid in the A site

3: The tRNA in the P site is now deacylated (no amino acid) while the tRNA in the A site carries the peptide chain

What is Translocation in translation?

1: The ribosome moves along the mRNA strand by one codon in the 5' to 3' direction

2: The deacylated tRNA moves into the E site and is released while the tRNA carrying the peptide chain moves to the P site

3: A new tRNA attaches to the unoccupied A site and repeats elongation

What is Termination in translation

1: Elongation and translocation continue until a stop codon is reached

2: Stop codon recruits a release factor to signal for translation to stop

3: Polypeptide is released and the ribosome disassembles