3. ARIZON YERSENIA

Arizona (Salmonella enteric subgroup 3-Arizonae)

Type specie of genera

Late lactose fermenter Capable of growing in Sodium Malonate Medium

What are the differential characteristics of Arizona compared with most Salmonella?

Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD) Bismuth Sulfite Agar (BSA)

What are the selective media for Salmonella?

Bismuth Sulfite Agar (BSA)

Used for isolation of S. typhi. Black with silver metallic sheen.

Brilliant Green Agar (BGA)

Used for the isolation of Salmonella spp. except S. typhi. Slightly pink to white colonies in brilliant red medium.

Selenite F Gram Negative Broth

What are the enrichment media for Salmonella?

Yersinia

Organisms are small coccobacilli that produce small, pinpoint colonies on MacConkey agar. Species are non-motile at 37°C. All are motile at room temperature (25°C–30°C) except Y. pestis.

Yersinia

Yersinia is suspected if TSI is yellow over orange at 24 hours because the reactions occur where there is a weak acid in the slant (yellow) with no change in the butt (orange).

Y. pestis Y. enterocolitica Y. pseudotuberculosis

What are the important human pathogens of Yersinia?

Yersinia pestis

Broth cultures exhibit a characteristic stalactite form in which clumps of cells adhere to one side of the tube.

Yersinia pestis

Inclusion bodies are bipolar bodies giving the microorganism its safety pin appearance that can be demonstrated by Wayson's stain.

Wayson's stain

Demonstrates the bipolar inclusion bodies (safety pin appearance) of Yersinia pestis.

Yersinia pestis

Causative agent of plague, an infection of wild rodents transmitted from one rodent to another and occasionally by the bite of fleas.

Xenopsylla cheopis (Rat flea)

Common vector of Yersinia pestis.

Yersinia pestis

Produced pandemics of Black Death with millions of fatalities.

Black Death

Most famous name of plague because it can cause sores that form black scabs.

Bubonic plague Septicemic plague Pneumonic plague

What are the forms of plague?

Bubonic Plague

Takes its name from the infected lymph nodes called buboes.

Buboes

Very painful, red, and swollen lymph nodes that develop very quickly near the area of the flea bite.

Pneumonic Plague

Can develop when a person breathes in droplets of Y. pestis from an animal or person with plague infection in the lungs. People with bubonic or septicemic plague can also develop pneumonic plague.

Inhalation

What is the mode of transmission of Pneumonic Plague?

High fever Chills Headaches Chest pain Rapid breathing Severe shortness of breath Cough that might bring up blood (hemoptysis)

What are the symptoms of Pneumonic Plague?

Pneumonic Plague

Without proper treatment, the disease can quickly lead to death.

Septicemic Plague

Bacteria spread through the bloodstream and cause a blood infection called septicemia.

Septicemic Plague

Spreads from a bubo or from the lungs into the bloodstream.

Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal pain

What are the first symptoms of Septicemic Plague?

Sudden bleeding under the skin Scattered bruises Blood in the urine Abdominal bleeding from the mouth nose and rectum

What severe bleeding problems occur in Septicemic Plague?

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Prominent finding in Septicemic Plague with generalized black areas of hemorrhages in the body of the patient.

Yersinia enterocolitica

Bacterial species in the family Enterobacteriaceae that most often causes enterocolitis (Yersiniosis), acute diarrhea, terminal ileitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and pseudoappendicitis, but if it spreads systemically, can also result in fatal sepsis.

Enterocolitis (Yersiniosis) Acute diarrhea Terminal ileitis Mesenteric lymphadenitis Pseudoappendicitis Fatal sepsis

What diseases are caused by Yersinia enterocolitica?

Yersiniosis

Infection caused by Yersinia species other than Y. pestis.

Plague

Infection caused by Yersinia pestis.

Yersinia enterocolitica

Ferments mannitol and appears as red bull's eye colonies surrounded by a colorless halo in Colistin Nalidixic Agar medium.

Salmonella typhi (Eberth's bacillus)

Also known as Eberth's bacillus.

Shigella flexneri (Strong's bacillus)

Also known as Strong's bacillus.

Shigella boydii (New Castle Manchester bacillus)

Also known as New Castle Manchester bacillus.

Phase 2 (H antigen)

Non-specific phase that reacts with heterologous antisera.