Critical thinking

if P then Q, P, therefore Q

Modus Ponens

if P then Q, if Q then R, so if P then R

Hypothetical syllogism

if P then Q, Not Q, Not P

Modus Tollens

If P then Q, Q therefore P

Affirming the consequent

if P then Q, not P, therefore not Q

Denying the antecedent

Either P or Q. Not P, therefore Q

Disjunctive syllogism

Argument

A group of statements in which some of them (the premises) are intended to support another of them. (the conclusion)

Claim

A statement; an assertion that something is or is not the case

Conclusion

In an argument, the statement that the premises are intended to support

Critical Thinking

The systematic evaluation or formulation of beliefs or statements, by rational standards

Explanation

A statement or statements intended to tell why or how something is the case

Indicator words

words that frequently accompany arguments and signal that a premise or conclusion is present

Inference

The process of reasoning from a premise or premises to a conclusion based on those premises

Logic

The study of good reasoning or inference and the rules that govern it.\

Premise

In an argument; the statement or reason, given in support of a conclusion

Statement (Claim)

An assertion that something is or is not the case