Chapter 9 Med Terms

The Urinary System Medical Terminology

-cele

A hernia, swelling, or protrusion

cyst/o

Urinary bladder; cyst or sac

dia-

Through; complete

glomerul/o

Glomerulus of the kidney

hydr/o

Water

lith/o

Stone

-lysis

Breakdown; destruction; separation

nephr/o

Kidney

pyel/o

Renal pelvis

-tripsy

Crushing

ur/o

Urine; urinary tract

ureter/o

Ureter

urethr/o

Urethra

-uria

Urine condition

vesic/o

Urinary bladder

ablation

Removal or destruction of a body part or tissue

acute renal failure

Sudden loss of kidney function

anuria

Absence of urine production

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland

chronic kidney disease

Long-term condition in which the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood properly

cystitis

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

cystocele

Hernia or protrusion of the urinary bladder

cystolith

Stone in the urinary bladder

cystoscopy

Visual examination of the urinary bladder using an instrument called a cystoscope

dialysis

Process of filtering waste products from the blood when the kidneys cannot do so adequately

diuresis

Increased production and excretion of urine

dysuria

Painful or difficult urination

ectopic kidney

Kidney located in an abnormal position

edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues

end-stage renal disease

Final stage of chronic kidney disease, when the kidneys can no longer function adequately

epispadias

Congenital abnormality in which the urethral opening is on the upper surface of the penis

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Use of shock waves generated outside the body to break kidney stones into smaller pieces

glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys

hemodialysis

Removal of waste products from the blood using a dialysis machine

hydronephrosis

Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to an obstruction of urine flow

hydroureter

Abnormal dilation of a ureter due to an obstruction of urine flow

hyperproteinuria

Abnormally high levels of protein in the urine

hypoproteinemia

Abnormally low levels of protein in the blood

hypospadias

Congenital abnormality in which the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis

incontinence

Inability to control the release of urine or feces

interstitial cystitis

Chronic inflammation or irritation of the bladder wall

intravenous pyelogram

X-ray examination of the urinary tract after contrast material is injected into a vein

nephrolith

Stone in the kidney

nephrolithiasis

Condition of having kidney stones

nephrolysis

Surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

nephrons

Microscopic functional units of the kidneys that filter blood and form urine

nephropathy

Kidney disease

nephrostomy

Surgical creation of an opening from the kidney to the outside of the body to drain urine

nephrotic syndrome

Disorder involving kidney damage that causes excessive protein loss in the urine

neurogenic bladder

Bladder dysfunction caused by a problem with the nervous system

nocturia

Frequent urination during the night

nocturnal enuresis

Involuntary urination during sleep at night

oliguria

Abnormally low urine output

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Surgical removal of kidney stones through a small incision in the skin

peritoneal dialysis

Dialysis using the peritoneal membrane in the abdomen to filter waste from the blood

polycystic kidney disease

Genetic disorder characterized by multiple fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

polyuria

Excessive production and excretion of urine

prostatism

Urinary symptoms caused by enlargement or obstruction of the prostate

pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually caused by infection

pyelotomy

Surgical incision into the renal pelvis

renal colic

Severe, cramping pain caused by a kidney stone moving through the urinary tract

suprapubic catheterization

Insertion of a catheter into the bladder through the abdominal wall above the pubic bone

transurethral prostatectomy

Surgical removal of prostate tissue through the urethra

uremia

Abnormal buildup of urea and other waste products in the blood due to impaired kidney function

ureterolith

Stone in a ureter

ureterorrhagia

Bleeding from a ureter

urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra

urethroplasty

Surgical repair or reconstruction of the urethra

urethrorrhagia

Bleeding from the urethra

urethrostenosis

Abnormal narrowing of the urethra

urethrotomy

Surgical incision into the urethra

urinary catheterization

Insertion of a catheter into the bladder to drain urine

vesicovaginal fistula

Abnormal passage between the urinary bladder and the vagina

voiding cystourethrography

X-ray imaging of the bladder and urethra during urination after contrast material is introduced

Wilms tumor

Malignant kidney tumor that primarily affects children