Hemodialysis Access and Peritoneal Dialysis

Vocabulary terms and definitions related to hemodialysis access types, monitoring, and nursing interventions based on the lecture transcript.

AV Graft

A synthetic tube surgically placed under the skin that connects an artery to a vein, typically used when a patient has blocked or damaged veins.

AV Fistula (Shunt)

The 'Gold Standard' of access; a surgical connection of an artery and a vein in the arm made of the patient's own tissue.

AV Graft Usage Timeline

A synthetic graft can be used for dialysis within $3-6$ weeks and lasts approximately $2-3$ years.

AV Fistula Usage Timeline

An AV fistula takes $1$ to $4$ months to mature before use and can last $10$ years or more.

Bruit

The sound of blood flowing through the AV fistula that can be heard to indicate the access is working.

Thrill

A vibration felt on the overlying skin of the AV fistula, which serves as an indication of proper function.

Rule of 6's

The criteria for fistula useability: flow greater than $600\,mL/min$, diameter of at least $0.6\,cm$, and no more than $0.6\,cm$ deep.

Central Venous Catheter

A flexible long tube threaded into a central vein in the neck, chest, or groin for immediate, emergency dialysis access.

Heparin (Dialysis Use)

A substance used to maintain the permeability of a central venous catheter access site.

Heparin Complications

Potential side effects including alopecia, allergic reactions, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding.

Hemodialysis Access Infection Signs

Clinical indications of infection at the access site including redness, swelling, and drainage.

Connect/Disconnect PPE Protocol

Nurses and patients should wear a surgical mask during procedures; nurses must also wear gloves.

Hemodialysis Treatment Duration

The amount of time required to complete a hemodialysis session is $3-5$ hours.

Peritoneal Dialysis

A process that removes nitrogenous waste products, excess fluid, and electrolytes from the blood by means of the peritoneal membrane.

Graft vs. Shunt Prone Risks

Compared to shunts, AV grafts are more prone to blood clots and infection, requiring more frequent monitoring.