Health Psychology Exam 1

What is the definition of health?

Being physically, mentally, and socially well

What is Health Psychology?

How your body, mind, and social life affect your health

What year was Health Psychology recognized as an APA field?

1978

List the four missions of Health Psychology.

1. Promote and maintain health

2. Prevent and treat illness

3. Understand causes of health and illness

4. Improve the healthcare system.

What does the Biopsychosocial Model encompass?

How health is affected by biological, psychological, and social factors

What is Biological Health?

Genetics, physical health, inherited risks

What is Psychological Health?

Thoughts, emotions, stress, and coping skills

What is Sociological Health?

Relationships, support, access to healthcare

Define Subjective Health.

How healthy you feel

What is Objective Health?

How healthy you actually measure (heart rate, blood pressure, etc)

What is a Health Disparity?

When one group experiences more health problems than another

What is a Health Care Disparity?

When some groups have less access to healthcare

Qualitative Data

Words, opinions, experiences

Quantitative Data

Numbers, measurements

Who is more likely to die following a heart attack?

Women

What is a survey?

Questions used to colllect information from people

Open Ended

Answer in your own words (usually qualitative)

Closed-Ended

Choose from given answers (usually quantitative)

Cross Sectional

Study people at one point in time

Longitudinal

Study people over time to track changes

What does morbidity refer to?

How much illness or disease occurs in a population

What is the Crude Death Rate?

Number of deaths per 1,000 people per year

What are positive health behaviors?

Actions that improve health

What are negative health behaviors?

Actions that harm health

Define the Health Belief Model.

People take action when they feel at risk and believe action will help

What is social cognitive theory?

Your thoughts, behaviors, and enviroment all influence each other

What is Self-Efficacy?

Believing you can do something

What is the Theory of Planned Behavior?

Your intention to act depends on your attitude, social pressure, and sense of control

What is the Transtheoretical Model?

Behavior change happens in stages based on readiness

Precontemplation

Not thinking about changing (within 6 months)

Contemplation

Thinking about changing (within 6 months)

Preparation

Planning to change soon (within 30 days)

Action

Actively changing (less than 6 months)

Maintenance

Keeping the change going (6+ months)

What is Relapse Prevention?

Recognizing and managing situations that might cause you to return to old habits

Experiential Processes of Change

Thinking, feeling, and awareness (conscious raising, dramatic relief, environmental reevaluation, self-reevaluation, social liberation)

What are the five Behavioral Processes of Change?

Taking action to change habits (helping relationships, reinforcement management, counterconditioning, stimulus control, self liberation)

What are unintentional injuries?

Accidental injuries without the intention to cause harm

What are common causes of unintentional injuries?

Poisoning, car crashes, and falls

What are intentional injuries?

Injuries caused on purpose, including violence or self-harm

Active Strategies

You must take action to stay safe

Passive Strategies

Safety features that protect you without requiring action at the time

What is Optimism Bias?

Thinking something bad is less likely to happen to you than others

How do perceived norms and confidence influence decisions?

They may shape decisions more than factual knowledge.