WW2

Bank Runs

When many people try to withdraw their money from banks at the same time.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929, when the stock market crashed and the Great Depression worsened.

Okies

People, especially from Oklahoma, who left the Dust Bowl to find work elsewhere.

Migrant

A person who moves from one place to another, often to find work.

The Grapes of Wrath

A novel by John Steinbeck about a family forced to leave Oklahoma during the Dust Bowl.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns where homeless people lived during the Great Depression, named to criticize President Hoover.

Urban Impact of Great Depression

Cities faced unemployment, homelessness, poverty, and hunger.

Rural Impact of Great Depression

Farmers lost farms and income, and the Dust Bowl destroyed farmland.

Polio

A disease that can cause paralysis; Franklin D. Roosevelt had it.

1932 Election

Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Herbert Hoover and promised a New Deal.

The Three R's

Relief for people in need, Recovery for the economy, and Reform to prevent future problems.

Rugged Individualism

Hoover's belief that people should solve problems through their own efforts instead of relying on government help.

New Deal

FDR's programs to provide relief, create jobs, and improve the economy during the Great Depression.

CCC

Civilian Conservation Corps; gave young men jobs working on conservation projects.

WPA

Works Progress Administration; created jobs building roads, schools, parks, and other public projects.

Trickle-Down Economics

The idea that helping businesses and wealthy people can eventually benefit everyone.

Keynesian Economics

The idea that government spending can help increase demand and improve the economy.

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty that ended World War I and placed harsh penalties on Germany.

Fascism

A dictatorship that emphasizes extreme nationalism, obedience to a leader, and control over society.

Scapegoating

Blaming a person or group for problems they did not cause.

National Socialist German Workers Party

The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, that promoted racism, antisemitism, and dictatorship.

Night of the Long Knives

A 1934 purge in which Hitler ordered the killing or arrest of political rivals.

Munich Agreement

The 1938 agreement allowing Hitler to take the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in an attempt to avoid war.

Atlantic Charter

A 1941 statement by Roosevelt and Churchill describing goals for a peaceful postwar world.

Isolationism

The policy of avoiding involvement in other countries' conflicts.

Neutrality Acts

U.S. laws in the 1930s intended to keep America out of foreign wars.

Cash and Carry

A policy allowing countries at war to buy U.S. goods if they paid cash and transported them themselves.

Lend-Lease

A U.S. program that supplied weapons and other aid to countries fighting the Axis Powers.

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

Allied Powers

Countries fighting the Axis Powers, including Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States, and China.

Lebensraum

Hitler's idea that Germany needed more living space and territory, especially in Eastern Europe.

Blitzkrieg

German for lightning war; a fast attack using coordinated aircraft, tanks, and troops.

Norden Bombsight

A device designed to help U.S. bomber crews aim bombs more accurately.

Tuskegee Airmen

African American military pilots who served with distinction during World War II.

Double V Campaign

A campaign for victory against fascism abroad and racism at home.

Japanese Internment

The forced relocation and incarceration of many Japanese Americans during World War II.

The Home Front

The people and activities supporting the war effort inside a country.

B-17 Flying Fortress

A U.S. heavy bomber used extensively in World War II.

B-29 Superfortress

A long-range U.S. bomber used in the bombing of Japan, including the atomic bomb missions.

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Japan's claimed plan for Asian cooperation that was used to justify Japanese expansion and control.

Final Solution

The Nazi plan to murder Europe's Jewish population during the Holocaust.

Little Boy

The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6, 1945.

Fat Man

The atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, 1945.

USS Arizona

A U.S. battleship sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

Island Hopping

The U.S. strategy of capturing selected Pacific islands to move closer to Japan.

Kamikaze

Japanese pilots who carried out deliberate suicide attacks against Allied ships.

Manhattan Project

The secret U.S.-led project that developed the first atomic bombs.

Herbert Hoover

U.S. president when the Great Depression began; he favored limited direct government relief.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

U.S. president during most of the Great Depression and World War II; created the New Deal.

Dorothea Lange

Photographer who documented the suffering of Americans during the Great Depression.

John Steinbeck

Author of The Grapes of Wrath, a novel about Dust Bowl migrants.

Harry Truman

U.S. president who authorized the use of atomic bombs against Japan in 1945.

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Winston Churchill

British prime minister who led Britain through most of World War II.

Jeannette Rankin

First woman elected to the U.S. Congress; she voted against entering both world wars.

Adolf Hitler

Nazi leader of Germany who started World War II in Europe and carried out the Holocaust.

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy and an ally of Hitler.

Emperor Hirohito

Emperor of Japan during World War II.

Hideki Tojo

Japanese prime minister and military leader during much of World War II.

Isoroku Yamamoto

Japanese admiral who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Rosie the Riveter

Symbol of women who worked in factories and other industrial jobs during World War II.

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Allied commander in Europe who led the D-Day invasion.

General George Patton

U.S. general known for leading armored forces in North Africa and Europe.

Admiral Chester W. Nimitz

U.S. admiral who led major American naval operations in the Pacific.

General Douglas MacArthur

U.S. general who led Allied forces in the Southwest Pacific.

Great Depression

A worldwide economic crisis beginning in 1929 that caused widespread unemployment and poverty.

Stock Market Crash

The dramatic fall in stock prices in 1929 that helped trigger the Great Depression.

Dust Bowl

Severe drought and dust storms in the 1930s that devastated farmland in the Great Plains.

Pearl Harbor

The U.S. naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, bringing the United States into World War II.

The Blitz

Germany's bombing campaign against British cities, especially London, in 1940-1941.

Allied Bombing Campaign

Allied air attacks against Axis targets, including factories, transportation systems, and cities.

Operation Barbarossa

Germany's 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union.

D-Day

June 6, 1944, when Allied forces invaded Normandy, France, to begin liberating Western Europe.

Battle of the Bulge

Germany's major 1944-1945 counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg; the Allies eventually won.

Battle of Iwo Jima

A bloody 1945 battle in which U.S. forces captured the Japanese-held island of Iwo Jima.

Battle of Midway

A major June 1942 Pacific battle in which the United States defeated Japan's carrier forces.

Atomic Bombs (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)

The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.

Fall of Berlin

Soviet forces captured Berlin in 1945, leading to the collapse of Nazi Germany.

V-E Day

Victory in Europe Day; May 8, 1945, marking the Allied victory in Europe.

V-J Day

Victory over Japan Day; commonly marked in the United States on August 15, 1945, after Japan announced its surrender.

October 29, 1929

Black Tuesday, when the stock market crashed during the start of the Great Depression.

September 1, 1939

Germany invaded Poland, beginning World War II in Europe.

December 7, 1941

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing the United States into World War II.

June 4, 1942

The Battle of Midway began; the major carrier battle continued through June 7.

June 6, 1944

D-Day, when Allied forces invaded Normandy, France.

August 6, 1945

The United States dropped the atomic bomb Little Boy on Hiroshima, Japan.

August 9, 1945

The United States dropped the atomic bomb Fat Man on Nagasaki, Japan.

"December 7th, 1941. A date which will live in infamy."

Franklin D. Roosevelt's words describing the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

"I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve."

A famous quote often attributed to Admiral Yamamoto about the attack on Pearl Harbor, but its authenticity is uncertain.

"I have become Death. The destroyer of Worlds."

J. Robert Oppenheimer recalled this line from the Bhagavad Gita after witnessing the first atomic bomb test.

"As a woman, I can't go to war, and I refuse to send anyone else."

A quote associated with Jeannette Rankin's opposition to war; check your class materials for the exact wording.

Who was on each side of the war

allies- Brittain, US, soviet union

Axis- Italy, germany, japan

blitzkrieg

football: lots of manpower fast and forceful attacks

blitzkrieg: lightning war