Protein Synthesis

mRNA

type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

codon

sequence of three bases on a strand of mRNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid

complementary base pairing

In DNA, T pairs with A; G pairs with C;

RNA, U pairs with A and G pairs with C

cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA

amino acid

building block of protein

adenine

pairs with uracil in RNA

cytosine

pairs with guanine

nitrogenous bases

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracail

deoxyribose

sugar in DNA

ribose

sugar in RNA

nucleotide

consists of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base

transcription

process by which a section of DNA is used to produce a single-stranded RNA molecule

translation

the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm

tRNA

type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis

ribosome

organelle where amino acids are bonded together to form proteins

DNA

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.

anticodon

A three base sequence on an tRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid

ribosome in the cytoplasm

the place where translation takes place

Protein Synthesis

What process is shown in this diagram?

stop codon

codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation

Protein

A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.

Polypeptide chain

long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds