PT Chiro Boards: High Frequency Modalities and Treatment Techniques

The primary use of TENS is?

Pain control

An example of a roller machine used in the clinical setting?

Intersegmental traction

Contraindication to spinal traction?

Tumors

Requirement in the home therapy treatment of piriformis syndrome?

McKenzie lumbar extension exercises, hamstring stretch, psoas stretch

Effect of spinal traction?

Improvement in lymphatic flow, distraction of vertebral body, stretching of spinal muscles

Inferential stimulators use __________ waveforms?

Sinusoidal

Exercise technique that reduces the amount of weight lifted after each set?

Oxford

Effect of superficial heating modalities?

Increase in peripheral nerve velocity, increase in muscle speed, increase in blood flow

The last sensation experienced by the use of cryotherapy?

Numbness

The stinging stage of therapeutic cooling is directly followed by the __________ stage?

Aching

Exercises that should be avoided by a patient with cardiovascular dysfunction?

Concentric biceps curl

Indication of cold therapy application?

Muscle spasm, fever, burns

May aggravate symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Soft mattress

The safest alternative for runners during the healing process of popliteus tendonitis?

Bicycling, a varus wedge shoe insert should be used and placed near the heel

The depth of penetration of ultrasound is generally?

4-6 cm

A contraindication of ultraviolet light is?

Herpes simplex

An indication of ultraviolet light is?

Septic wounds

Deep heating modalities?

Shortwave diathermy, microwave diathermy, ultrasound

Absorbs ultrasound waves the most?

Bone

A major risk factor to therapeutic ultrasound is?

Periosteum burns

The intensity for chronic tendonitis around the medial forearm should be set at _________ w/cm2 for therapeutic ultrasound?

1.0

The most comfortable or optimum level of the beam non-uniformity ratio (BNR) is _____________ and is very important in the use of ___________?

1:1, ultrasound

Indication of ultrasound?

Myositis ossificans, scar tissue, sciatica

Contraindication to ultrasound?

Pacemaker, over spinous process, malignant tumors

Indication to all modalities?

Pain, sprain, fixation of joints

Indication of microcurrent?

Sciatica

Low frequency current?

Low-volt galvanic

An indication of ultraviolet treatment?

Septic wounds

Low-level laser therapy is used to treat?

Herpes, fibromyalgia, malignant tumor

Best suited to treat heel spurs?

Heel cups

Every massage should begin with ___________ and end with ___________?

Effleurage, effleurage

The main purpose of effleurage is to?

familiarize the patient to the therapist's touch

Kneading is labeled under this type of massage?

Petrissage

Treated by low-level laser therapy?

Tendonitis, neuropathy, cerebral palsy

What technique is considered painful?

Transverse friction massage

Low-level laser therapy has?

Anti-inflammatory, new lymphatic vessels form, increase in level of endorphins

Used to aid in the correction of the breach position of a fetus?

Low-level laser therapy

Contraindication to contrast bath?

Cold hypersensitivity

Scars, lymphedema, sinusitis and acne can be treated with?

Low-level laser therapy

Conditions treated with transverse friction massage?

Runner's knee, lateral epicondylitis, tendonitis

The following would be an example of:

First, 8 repetitions at 1/2 of the RM

Second, 8 repetitions at 3/4 of the RM

Third, 8 repetitions at full RM

DeLorme technique (PRE)

Lifting as much weight as possible in a bench press lift for just one repetition is an example pf the?

Rose technique

Polyphasic currents are used for?

Interferential

A series of brief isometric contractions are performed in which technique?

Brime

Indications for massage?

Normalize muscle tone, break down fibrosis, adhesions

Referred to as galvanic current?

Monophasic

Infrared lamps can penetrate the skin approximately to a maximum of _________ mm?

1

Types of friction massage?

Cross fiber, Storm's technique, circular

A negatively charged ion used in iontophoresis for the treatment of scars?

Chlorine

Magnesium is generally used in iontophoresis for the treatment of?

Arthritis

Low-powered lasers are not used for?

Surgical incision procedures

The most common recommendation for lumbar traction is in cases of?

Spondylolisthesis

Myofascial release technique is accomplished by using gentle stretch and?

Pressure

The most common form of cryotherapy is?

Ice pack

What exercise should be recommended to a patient with a heart condition?

Walking, running, bicycling

Indication of cold therapy?

Chilblains

What should be recommended for a patient with OA?

Straight-backed chairs, firm mattress, paraffin bath

What should be avoided for a patient with Achilles tendonitis?

Bicycling

What should be strengthened primarily to prevent outward rolling of the patella?

Vastas medialis

The piezoelectric effect transfers __________ energy into electrical energy.

Mechanical

Modalities is characteristic of polyphasic current?

Interferential

Proteolytic enzymes break down?

Proteins

Electrically stimulating currents that cause muscle contractions have all the following effects?

Retardation of atrophy, muscle strengthening, increase range of motion

Holding a five pound thumb bell straight in front without moving it is considered an ____________ type of contraction?

Isometric

A leg curl is an example of a ___________ type of contraction?

Concentric

A triceps extension weightlifting exercise is an example of an ______________ type of contraction?

Eccentric

Indications of ultraviolet?

Sinusitis, osteomalacia, herpes zoster

Type of muscle fiber are considered to be most fatigable?

Fast glycolytic

_________ is a type of muscle fiber that is most fatigable.

Type II B

________ is a type of muscle fiber that is slow-twitch and least fatigable.

Type I

The highest aerobic capacity?

Type I

Contraindications to all modalities?

Infection, patients with pacemakers, endocrine conditions

High frequency modalities?

Ultrasound, microwave diathermy, ultraviolet

The depth of penetration for diathermy is ________ cm.

3-5

Diathermy

Non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, causes higher pain thresholds, causes relaxation of muscle

Indications of shortwave and microwave diathermy?

Bronchitis, OA, fibrositis

Which type of massage movement is characterized by percussion?

Tapotement

Deep and superficial stroking are characterized by which form of massage?

Effleurage

Associated with petrissage?

Friction, kneading, vibration

Contraindication to massage?

Osteomyelitis, thrombosis, acute arthritis

Compression-like massage movements are characterized by?

Petrissage

Mechanism of heat transfer is used by ultrasound?

Conversion. Ultrasound uses a reversal of the Piezoelectric effect

Conduction is used by what modalities?

Hydrocollator pack

Effects of applied heat?

Rise in arteriole dilation, analgesia, rise in metabolism

Electric heating pads fall under which category of modality?

Long wave infrared

Indications for ultraviolet treatment?

Acne, hyperthyroidsim, psoriasis

A paraffin bath contains mostly __________ and small amounts of ________.

wax, oil

Which beam non-uniformity ratio (BNR) is the most favorable for patients?

1:1

The least absorption of ultrasound is?

Blood

Ultrasound frequencies will give the greatest beam divergence?

0.80 MHz

The ultrasound frequency of ___________ MHz has the least beam divergence.

3.0

An ultrasound frequency of __________ MHz will have the most depth of penetration and __________ beam divergence.

0.75, most

Ultrasound?

The smallest transducer will have the most beam divergence, the lowest frequency will have the most depth of penetration, the lowest frequency will have the most divergence

Indication for traction?

Degenerative joint disease

Indications for traction?

Herniated disk, subacute pain, IVF narrowing

A form of tapotement?

Beating, clapping, hacking

Contraindications for shortwave diathermy?

Pyrexia, cardiac pacemaker, bronchitis

Indications for shortwave diathermy?

Chronic RA, bursitis, radiculitis

Types of progressive neuromuscular facilitation techniques?

Hold-relax, contract-relax, slow reversal-hold-relax

Indications to cryotherapy?

Pain, acute injury, muscle spasm