Organization & Management 2nd Quarter Reviewer

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the functional areas of management, SME controlling and Philippine legal frameworks, business ethics, consumer rights, and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Human Resource Management (HRM)

The strategic management of the workforce that considers employees as the organization's most valuable asset.

HR Manager

A role that oversees overall HR functions, policy development, labor compliance, and strategic alignment.

Recruitment Manager

A role responsible for staffing strategies, sourcing, screening, background checks, and candidate placement.

Job Analyst

A specialist who conducts systematic job analysis to produce Job Descriptions (duties/responsibilities) and Job Specifications (qualifications/skills).

Training & Development Specialist

A professional who assesses learning needs, designs training programs, and enhances employee competencies.

Compensation & Benefits Specialist

A specialist who manages payroll, salary structures, health/retirement benefits, and legal compliance standards.

Employee Relations Specialist

A role dedicated to fostering workplace harmony, resolving conflicts, and addressing employee concerns.

Performance Management Specialist

A specialist who develops performance appraisal systems to evaluate productivity and goal achievement.

Marketing Division

A business unit that analyzes the market, creates demand, shapes brand image, and determines pricing, packaging, and promotion.

Sales Division

A division responsible for converting leads and prospects into actual transactions through closing deals and account management.

Marketing Director

An executive who reports to the VP and oversees entire marketing operations, branding, and high-level strategy.

Public Relations (PR) Manager

A manager who builds and maintains a positive public image and oversees media relations.

Operations Management

A functional area concerned with the design, regulation, and continuous improvement of production and business processes.

Production Scheduling

The most critical responsibility of a Production Manager within operations management.

Production Supervisors

Supervisors who oversee specific segments of the assembly line and directly manage production operators.

Financial Management

Considered the lifeblood of business, this functional area is headed by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO).

Treasurer

A finance executive who handles investment, financing, cash management, and capital investment strategies.

Controller

A finance officer who prepares financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow) and oversees accounting and auditing.

Investment Decisions

The most crucial category of financial decisions, which determines how assets are acquired and deployed.

Financing Decisions

Managerial decisions regarding how to raise funds, including borrowing, issuing stock, or using internal assets.

Resource Allocation & Asset Management

The financial management decision that ensures optimal usage and distribution of funds across departments.

Credit Managers

Specialized finance managers who handle credit policies and collections.

Cash Managers

Finance professionals who oversee cash flows and the investment of surplus cash.

Materials & Procurement Management

A function that acquires goods and services at the right quality, quantity, cost, and time.

Competitive Bidding Process

A procurement method utilizing invitations to bid and sealed offers to guarantee transparency and optimal cost efficiency.

Office Manager

A role that supervises administrative operations, records management, facility maintenance, and support staff.

ICT Management

The management of information systems that processes data through Input → Processing → Output to deliver operational excellence and competitive advantage across departments.

Setting Standards

The first step in the controlling process in SMEs, involving the establishment of clear, quantifiable targets.

Measuring Performance

The second step of the SME controlling process, which tracks actual progress through daily reports and cash flow.

Comparing

The third step in the controlling process in SMEs, focused on analyzing deviations between targets and actual results.

Correcting

The fourth step of the controlling process in SMEs, which involves executing immediate remedial steps.

Feedforward Control

A preventative control applied before operations begin (e.g., screening suppliers or pre-approving budgets).

Concurrent Control

An active monitoring control applied during operations (e.g., direct supervision or real-time POS tracking).

Feedback Control

A post-action evaluation control executed after operation completion (e.g., reviewing monthly balance sheets).

R.A. 9178 (BMBE Act)

A Philippine law governing Barangay Micro Business Enterprises with total assets not exceeding $\text{₱}3,000,000$ (excluding land), providing income tax exemption and Minimum Wage Law exemption.

R.A. 9501 (Magna Carta for MSMEs)

A Philippine law mandating banks to allocate at least $8\%$ of loan portfolios to Micro/Small and $2\%$ to Medium enterprises, and reserving at least $10\%$ of government procurement for MSMEs.

Conflict of Interest

An ethical dilemma that occurs when personal interests interfere with professional duties.

Intellectual Property Rights

Legal protections covering original ideas, inventions, patents, and trademarks.

Deceptive Practices

Prohibited business actions involving the provision of false or misleading information on products, labels, or advertisements.

Right to Basic Needs

A consumer right guaranteeing the availability of essential food, clothing, shelter, and healthcare at affordable prices.

Right to Safety

A consumer right to be safeguarded against products and services hazardous to health or life.

Right to Information

A consumer right protecting individuals against dishonest advertising or labeling, ensuring entitlement to facts for informed choice.

Right to Choose

A consumer right providing access to a variety of competitive, quality products and services.

Right to Representation

The consumer right to express consumer interests in executive and legislative policy formulation.

Right to Redress

The consumer right to receive compensation or reimbursement for misrepresentation or defective goods.

Right to Consumer Education

The right to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to make confident, informed consumer choices.

Right to a Healthy Environment

A consumer right to a living and working environment free from pollution and hazards.

Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)

An employer responsibility ensuring non-discrimination in employment based on age, gender, or disability.

Due Process

An employer obligation providing employees the right to explain their side before disciplinary action or termination occurs.

UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Seventeen global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to eradicate poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity by 2030.

SDG 1: No Poverty

The goal targeting global poverty, noting that high family size without empowerment traps countries in poverty.

SDG 2: Zero Hunger

The goal focused on balancing food production for a population of $10$ billion without destroying nature.

SDG 3: Good Health & Well-being

The goal addressing reproductive health, quality healthcare access, and disease control.

SDG 4: Quality Education

A foundational goal for ending poverty, emphasizing that keeping girls in secondary school delays early marriage.

SDG 5: Gender Equality

The goal aimed at empowering women and ending harmful practices such as child marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM).

SDG 6: Clean Water & Sanitation

The goal addressing global water stress, highlighting that $2.2$ billion people lack safe drinking water.

SDG 7: Affordable & Clean Energy

The goal focusing on transitioning to clean fuel as global energy demand rises by $50\%$.

SDG 8: Decent Work & Growth

The goal centered on managing youth dependency ratios to maintain economic stability.

SDG 11: Sustainable Cities

The goal prioritizing the management of rapid urban expansion and the preservation of green spaces.

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption

The goal aimed at reducing high material footprints per capita to combat resource depletion.

SDG 13: Climate Action

The goal targeting emissions reductions, noting that population control combined with educating girls cuts $CO_2$.

SDG 14 & 15: Life Below Water / Land

The twin goals focused on preventing marine and coastal damage while reversing biodiversity loss on land.