med ethics exam 1 vocab

philosophy

love of wisdom

logic

study of arguments

Metaphysics

what exists? relations between people/things

epistemology

knowledge theory, what can be known?

ethics

study of morality

morality

domain of right/ wrong, what we should/ not do act/live

medical ethics

The philosophical study of moral and ethical issues as they relate to healthcare and biomedical science (an applied ethics)

moral theory

related set of claims that explains rightness/ wrongness of an action, idea, or state of affairs

consequentalism

moral quality of an action solely determined by its outcome (is it right or wrong?)

welfarism

only consequences that matter are those impacting welfare of all impacted

wellfare

quality of life of which one wants

equality

each individual happiness counts equally; overall goal is to maximize overall happiness

Act Utilitarianism

each individual action should seek to promote greatest wellfare for greatest number NOW

Rule Utilitarianism

each individual action should conform to rules which promote welfare for greatest number over long run

Rule based ethics

Any rule which stimpulates a given action is always impermissible no matter what

Kants ethics aka

Deontlogical

aritae

Greek word for virtue; directly translates to excellence

Idiotic

Person who is so wrapped up in themself that they cannot contribute to their community and therefore is not a good person/ not virtuous

situational ethics

the right action only becomes clear in the context of focused attention in the immediate situation and all the relationships involved

Autonomy

Persons capacity to decide for themselves what is in their best interests

Informed consent

Based on three things: patient is competent, Must be able to consent, patient understands treatment and consent is not coerced

Harm principle

Ethical principle that says you can do what you want as long as it is not hurting anyone else

Paraphilia

Disordered sexual attraction

Acrotomophilia

Sexual attraction to amputees aka devotees

Apotemnophilia

Sexual attraction to becoming an amputee

axiology

Theory of good/ valuable

Hedonistic

What is in persons best interest is what makes them happy

Desire-fulfillment

What is in persons best interest is what fulfills their desires

Objective list

What is in a persons best interest are things which are good/ bad for a person regardless of that persons attitudes towards them

Argument

Statement

Premise

Offers support for argument

Fallacies

Bad arguments/ errors in reasoning

Inference

Move from premise to conclusion

Moral relativism

Claim that notions of right/ wrong vary with and are dependent on social or cultural background