EC

After leaving the field due to lightning, how long should you wait before returning to the field?

30 minutes following the last clap of thunder or lightning strike

A core temperature greater than 100F and less than 104 F are indications for what type of heat illness?

Heat Exhaustion - Body temperature between 98.6F and 104F

A core temperature greater than 104F is used to classify what type of heat illness?

Heat stroke - core temperature>104F

After an athlete suffers from dehydration and has been removed from activity, when can they return to play?

2 hours? few hours? *after they're cleared by the physician*

At what altitude does pulmonary edema occur?

?10,000? greater than 2500-3000?

At what temperature does shivering stop? Does death occur?

Drop in core stimulates shivering but stops after temperature drops below 85-90F - Death is imminent when temperature falls below 77-85F

How much body heat is lost through radiation? Where is the primary location?

65% of body heat is lost through radiation(head and neck 50%)

List four methods of heat exchange

Convection - Radiation - Conduction - Evaporation

List the five areas that frostbite can occur

*Fingers, toes, nose, ears, chin*

List three s/s of pulmonary edema

Tachycardia, respiratory distress, and fever

List three symptoms of altitude sickness

?Headache, stomach issues, dizziness, fatigue - drowsiness, poor decision making, psychomotor slowing, retinal hemorrhage and/or papilledema, cerebral herniation - tachycardia, respiratory distress, fever?

List two types of individuals that are more susceptible to heat stress

?Workers at greater risk of heat stress include those who are 65 years of age or older, are overweight, have heart disease or high blood pressure, or take medications that may be affected by extreme heat.?

Using the flash-to-bang method, a count of what indicates danger?

Count of 30

What are the body's two immediate responses to exercise at altitude?

?Decreased partial pressure of oxygen --> less saturation of red blood cells - increased breathing, heart action, hemoglobin, blood alkalinity, myoglobin and changes in blood flow and enzyme activity?

What are two causes of heat cramps?

Excessive heat exposure and profuse sweating and lack of fluid replacement

What are the 4 altitude changes that are found in natives? Residents?

Natives has larger chest capacity, more alveoli, capillaries and red blood cells - Resident makes partial adaptions(increased mitochondria and hemoglobin, glycogen conservation)

What does WBGT stand for?

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature*

What is classified as a sudden catabolic destruction and degeneration of skeletal muscle?

Acute Exertional Rhabdomyolysis - myoglobin enzyme leakage into vascular system

What is classified as fluid or electrolyte disorder resulting in abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood?

Exertional Hyponatremia

What is the name of the instrument that can be used to determine relative humidity?

*psychrometer*

What is the number three cause of death by weather phenomena in sports?

?#3 cause of death by weather phenomena, Lightning

What are the 4 classifications of frostbite?

Superficial, Deep , 1st to 4th degree

What type of heat illness is classified as a life threatening emergency?

?Heat Stroke

What are the three ways to be injured by lightning?

Electrical current, Heat production, Concussive force

What are the three types of human contact by lightning?

Direct strike(3-5%), contact(1-2%), side flash/splash(35%)

What is the saying to follow when treating heat illness?

Cool first, Transport second