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Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Information compiled by manufacturers regarding product safety, including hazardous ingredients, safe handling, and flammability warnings.

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

Enforces the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.

Subpoena duces tecum

A legal order requiring a witness to bring certain records to court.

Health Insurance Protection and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Passed in 1996, it regulates employer-based and commercial group health insurance.

Protected Health Information (PHI)

Any part of a patient's health information that can identify the patient and is protected by HIPAA.

4 D's of negligence

Duty, Derelict, Direct cause, Damages.

Res ipsa loquitur

Legal principle meaning 'the thing speaks for itself,' often used in medical malpractice cases.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

Violence or abuse between spouses or former spouses.

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Laws aimed at preventing workplace diseases and injuries.

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

Provides up to 12 weeks of protected unpaid leave for family and medical reasons.

Bloodborne pathogen standard

Regulations to reduce occupational-related cases of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and C among healthcare workers.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Law aimed at eliminating discrimination against individuals with disabilities.

Clinical Hygiene Plan (CHP)

Plan addressing training and provisions for chemical exposure in ambulatory healthcare settings.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A congenital disease causing serious neurological deficits in infancy.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

Used to detect genetic abnormalities prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

A procedure for detecting chromosomal defects using catheterization.

Uniform Parentage Act (UPA)

Modernizes the process for determining the legal parents of children.

Blastocyst

An early embryonic cluster of cells that develops into an embryo.

Physician's directive

A state's response to the living will, also known as the natural death act.

Patient Self-Determination Act

Federal law requiring healthcare facilities to inform clients about living wills and durable power of attorney.

TEAR

An acronym for grief work: T - accept reality of loss, E - experience the pain, A - adjust to new environment, R - reinvest in a new reality.

Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

Allows persons 18 and older of sound mind to make gifts of body parts.

Beneficence

The ethical principle of 'doing good to others.'

Nonmaleficence

The ethical principle of 'not harming others.'

Malfeasance

The commission of an unlawful act.

Misfeasance

Improper performance of an act that results in injury to another.

Health Service Delivery

Refers to acts and regulations regarding health rights and protection.

Problem-oriented medical records

Documentation system focused on identifying relevant patient problems.

Global gag rule

Policy prohibiting U.S. funds from being given to agencies that provide or promote abortions.

Three-step ethical model

Legal considerations, balance of interests, and personal feelings about a decision.

Seven step decision model

Process for making ethical decisions involving identifying issues, considering principles, and assessing consequences.

SOAPER

An acronym for patient documentation: Subjective impressions, Objective evidence, Assessment, Plan, Education, Response.

Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964

Law protecting employees from sexual harassment.

Residents Bill of Rights

Rights honored by long-term care facilities for residents.

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations

Organization that examines healthcare policies and procedures for accreditation.

Prudent person rule

Legal principle requiring healthcare providers to give necessary information for informed decisions.

Statute of limitations

The law establishing the time limit within which a case must be commenced.

Guardian ad litem

An adult acting in court on behalf of a child in litigation.

Health management organization (HMO)

Managed care plan providing a range of healthcare services for a predetermined fee.

Preferred provider organization (PPO)

Health plan allowing patients to use medical providers under contract at reduced costs.

Exclusive provider organization (EPO)

Managed care concept combining elements of HMO and PPO.

Parens patriae authority

The state's authority to take responsibility for minors when needed.

Borrowed servant doctrine

Legal principle allowing loaned employees to be governed by the borrowing employer.

Res judicata

Legal principle meaning 'the thing has been decided,' preventing re-litigation.

Age Discrimination in Employment Act

1967 law prohibiting employment discrimination against individuals 40 years and older.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Law extending protections to individuals with physical or mental handicaps.

Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)

Regulates employee benefits and pension plans.

Doctrine of professional discretion

Allows physicians to decide if patients should view their medical records.

Hippocratic Oath

An ethical oath taken by physicians to protect patient rights.

Geneva Convention code of medical ethics

Guidelines suggesting that care should not be influenced by religion or race.

Nuremberg Code

Guidelines established for human experimentation post World War II.

Declaration of Helsinki

Guidelines for conducting ethical clinical and scientific research.

American Medical Association

Professional organization advocating principles of medical ethics.