From Mona Lisa to Modernism - Assessment 1 Review

Vocabulary terms and artwork identification flashcards for Assessment 1 of From Mona Lisa to Modernism.

Triptych

A three-paneled painting, panel, or altarpiece, often hinged together side by side.

City-states

Independent political units consisting of a city and its surrounding territory, prominent in Renaissance Italy.

Medici Family

A powerful Florentine banking family and major art patrons who influenced the development of Renaissance art and culture.

Humanism

A Renaissance cultural and intellectual movement emphasizing the value, potential, and agency of human beings, drawing on classical Greek and Roman texts.

Naturalism

A style of art depicting objects, landscapes, and human figures with anatomical accuracy and observational realism.

Italo-Byzantine Style

A medieval style of Italian art influenced by Byzantine art, characterized by flat spatial depth, golden backgrounds, formal figures, and decorative drapery.

Fresco

A mural painting technique executed upon freshly laid, or wet, lime plaster with water-based pigments.

Tempera

A permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder, traditionally egg yolk.

Oil Painting

A painting technique using pigments suspended in a drying oil, enabling rich color, subtle shading, and fine details.

Engraving

A printmaking technique in which a design is incised onto a hard surface, such as a metal plate, using a burin.

Book of Hours

A medieval Christian devotional book containing prayers, psalms, and illustrations designated for specific hours of the day.

Contrapposto

A asymmetrical pose in sculpture and painting where the figure's weight is placed on one leg, causing hips and shoulders to shift.

Foreshortening

A technique used in visual arts to suggest depth by shortening an object or figure extending toward or away from the viewer.

Aerial/Atmospheric Perspective

A technique of depicting depth by rendering distant objects with lighter, bluer, and less detailed tones.

Linear Perspective

A mathematical drawing system used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a flat surface using converging lines and vanishing points.

Giotto, Christ’s Entry into Jerusalem (ca. 1305)

Fresco artwork created by Giotto located in the Arena Chapel.

Giotto, Lamentation (1305)

Fresco panel created by Giotto depicting grief over the dead Christ, located in the Arena Chapel.

Giotto, Madonna Enthroned from the Church of Ognissanti (ca. 1310)

working in italo-byzantine style, but incorporating naturalism into his work.

Duccio, Maestà altarpiece (1308–1311)

Large multi-panel altarpiece painted by Duccio for the Siena Cathedral.

Andrea Pisano, St. John the Baptist Baptizing the Multitudes (1330-6)

Gilded bronze relief created for the south doors of the Baptistery of Florence.

Claus Sluter, Well of Moses (1395-1406)

Monumental sculptural structure carved by Claus Sluter.

Hubert and Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece (open) (completed 1432)

Monumental polyptych altarpiece completed by Hubert and Jan van Eyck.

Hugo van der Goes, Portinari Altarpiece (1476)

Large Flemish triptych painting commissioned by the Portinari family.

Jan van Eyck, Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife (1434)

Full-length double portrait painted in oil by Jan van Eyck.

Limbourg Brothers, January, Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (1413-6)

Illuminated manuscript calendar page depicting a lavish feast created for the Duke of Berry.

Robert Campin, Mérode Triptych (1425-8)

Oil triptych painting depicting the Annunciation set in a contemporary domestic interior.

Martin Schongauer, Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons (1470-75)

Engraving illustrating Saint Anthony surrounded and attacked by demonic creatures.

Brunelleschi, Sacrifice of Isaac (1401-2)

Bronze relief entry created by Filippo Brunelleschi for the Florence Baptistery competition.

Ghiberti, Sacrifice of Isaac (1401-2)

Winning bronze relief entry created by Lorenzo Ghiberti for the Florence Baptistery competition.

Ghiberti, Isaac and His Sons from the Gates of Paradise (1425-52)

Gilded bronze relief panel featured on the east doors of the Florence Baptistery.

Donatello, David (ca. 1440-60)

Early Renaissance bronze statue of David, recognized as the first standing nude sculpture since antiquity.

Masaccio, Expulsion of Adam and Eve, Brancacci Chapel (ca. 1424–1427)

Dramatic fresco depicting Adam and Eve being cast out of the Garden of Eden.

Masaccio, Tribute Money (ca. 1424-7)

Fresco located in the Brancacci Chapel demonstrating linear and atmospheric perspective.

Botticelli, Birth of Venus (ca. 1484-6)

Large mythological panel painting created by Sandro Botticelli.

Brunelleschi, Dome of Florence Cathedral (1420-36)

Iconic double-shelled dome structure designed by Filippo Brunelleschi for Florence Cathedral.

Piero della Francesca, Baptism of Christ (1448-50)

Panel painting depicting the baptism of Jesus using geometric symmetry and light.

Mantegna, Foreshortened Christ (ca. 1500)

Tempera painting by Andrea Mantegna showcasing intense perspective foreshortening of Christ's dead body.