Ch 4 & 5 RAD1060 MIDTERM

AP Humerus

-greater tubercle is seen in profile laterally

-humeral head partially seen in profile medially

-minimal superimposition of glenoid cavity

-both lateral and medial epicondyles are in profile

AP internal humerus

-epicondyles are directly superimposed

-lesser tubercle shown in profile medially, partially superimposed by lower portion of glenoid cavity

trauma horizontal beam lateral: distal humerus

*fracture and dislocations of midhumerus and distal humerus
-elbow is flexed

-lateral projection of midhumerus and distal humerus, including elbow joint is visible

-long axis of humerus should be aligned with long axis of IR
-elbow is flexed 90*

AP external shoulder: proximal humerus

-greater tuberosity in full profile

-lesser tuberosity superimposed over humeral head

AP internal shoulder: proximal humerus

-lesser tuberosity in full profile on medial aspect of humeral head

-greater tubercle superimposed over humeral head

inferosuperior axial: shoulder (Lawrence Method)

-arm abducted 90* from body

-superior and inferior borders of glenoid cavity should be directly superimposed

-CR medially 25-30* centered horizontally to axilla and humeral head

Inferosuperior axial projection : shoulder (Clements Modification)

-arm abducted 90* from body

-relationship of humeral head and glenoid cavity should be evident

-lateral view of proximal humerus in relationship to scapulohumeral cavity shown

PA axial transaxillary: shoulder (Modified Bernageau Method)

-lateral view of proximal humerus in relationship to scapulohumeral articulated

-coracoid process of scapula seen on end

-arm is seen raised superiorly above the body

AP oblique: shoulder (Grashey Method)

-glenoid cavity seen in profile without superimposition of humeral head

-scapulohumeral joint space should be open

-Anterior and posterior rims of glenoid cavity are superimposed

tangential : Intertubercular (bicipital) sulcus: shoulder (Fisk modification)

-anterior margin of humeral head seen in profile

-humeral tubercles and the intertubercular sulcus are seen in profile

-intertubercular sulcus and tubercles in profile without superimposition of the acromion process

AP neutral: shoulder

-both the greater and lesser tubercles are superimposed by humeral head

Transthoracic lateral: Proximal humerus Trauma (Lawrence method)

-outline of the shaft of proximal humerus should be clearly visualized anterior to thoracic vertebrae

-relationship to humeral head and glenoid cavity

PA oblique: Scapular Y lateral: shoulder (Trauma)

-body of scapula should be seen without rib superimposition

-acromion and coracoid process should appear as symmetric upper limbs of the Y

-humeral head should not appear superimposed over the base of the Y if humerus is not dislocated

-true lateral view of the scapula

Tangential: Supraspinatus: Shoulder (Trauma) Neer Method

-10*-15* CR caudal angle

*demonstrates the coracoaromial arch for supraspinatus outlet region for possible shoulder impingement

-acromion and coracoid process should appear upper limbs of the Y

-humeral head appear superimposed and centered to the glenoid fossa just below supraspinatus outlet

AP Apical oblique axial: shoulder (Garth)

-coracoid process is projected over part of the humeral head, appears elongated

-acromion and AC joint are projected superior to humeral head

AP axial: clavicle

-CR 15-30* cephalad

-projects most of the clavicle above the scapula and second and third ribs

Thin (asthenic) pts require 25-30* CR angle

Thick (hypersthenic) pt require 15-20* CR angle

72in

what is the SID for bilateral AC joints

AP projection :Scapula

-lateral portion of the scapula free of superimposition

-medial portion of the scapula seen through thoracic structures

-arm abducted to 90*

-lateral border of the scapula free of superimposition

Lateral :Scapula

-best shows the acromion and coracoid processes

-

parallel

During Scapular Y: scapula what is the relationship of the acromion and coracoid process

perpendicular

during a scapular Y lateral: scapula what is the relationship of the superior angle of the scapula and AC joint articulation

humerus

largest bone of upper limb

true

AP radiograph of the shoulder taken with external rotation places the humerus in true AP

anteriorly

the lesser tuberosity is located laterally or anteriorly

laterally

the greater tuberosity is located laterally or anteriorly

acromion of scapula

the acromial extremity of clavicle articulates with the

sternoclavicular joint

the sternal extremity articulates with the manubrium called the

clavicle

long bone with double curvature

scapulohumeral joint

ball and socket

plane or gliding

sternoclavicular

plane or gliding

acromiclavicular

synovial/ diarthrodial joints

sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and scapulohumeral are what type of joints

parellel

for external rotation of shoulder the epicondyles line is ____ to the image receptor

-the greater tubercle, seen laterally in profile

-the lesser tubercle, located anteriorly, medial to greater tubercle

perpendicular

for internal rotation shoulder epicondyles are ______ to IR

• humerus is in true lateral position

• greater tuberosity is rotated around the anterior and medial aspect of proximal humerus

  • lesser tubercle seen in profile medially

45* angle to IR

in Neutral position of shoulder epicondyles are _____

-greater tubercle anteriorly, still lateral to lesser tubercle

female

clavicle is shorter and less curved

male

clavicle is thicker and more curved

costal surface

the anterior surface of the scapula is called

true

adult shoulders than measure 10-15cm require a grid

70-85

kvp range for adult humerus and shoulder

osteroarthritis

degenerative joint disease

-noninflammatory joint disease by gradual deterioration of articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation

-most common type of arthritis

hills sachs defect

-compression fracture of articular surface of posterolateral aspect of humeral head than often associated with anterior dislocation of humeral head

head of humerus

What is A?

greater tuberosity

what is B?

intertubercular groove

what is C?

lesser tuberosity

what is D?

anatomic neck

what is E?

surgical neck

what is F?

body

what is G?

sternoclavicular joint

what is A?

sternal extremity

what is B?

body of clavicle

what is C?

acromical extremity

what is D?

acromioclavicular joint

what is E?

acromion

what is A?

neck of scapula

what is B?

suprascapular notch

what is C?

superior angle

what is D?

medial (vertebral) border

what is E?

inferior angle

what is F?

lateral (axillary) border

what is G?

glenoid fossa

what is H?"

acromion

A?

coracoid process

B?

inferior angle

C?

spine of scapula

D?

body of scapula

E?

external

what position or projection

internal

what position?

neutral

what position or projection

lesser tuberosity

A?

body of humerus

B?

capitulum

C?

radius head

D?

radial tuberosity

E?

coronoid process

F?

trochlear notch

G?

midscapula, 2in inferior to coracoid process, 2in medial from lateral

what is the CR for the AP scapula

midvertebral border of scapula

what is CR for lateral scapula: scapular Y

30* caudally centered @ level of scapular spine to pass through scapulohumeral joint

what is the CR for PA axial transaxillary: shoulder, Modified Bernageau

scapulohumeral joint, 2in below AC joint

what is the CR AP/PA oblique: scapular Y lateral: shoulder

2in inferior & 2in medial from superolateral border

-midscapulohumeral joint

what is the CR AP oblique: shoulder; Grashey

1in inferior to coracoid process

what is the CR fro AP shoulder External/Internal/Neutral

mid diaphysis

what is the CR transthoracic lateral: Humerus trauma

midpoint between AC joints, 1in above Jugular notch

what is the CR for AC joint pearson method

medially 25*-30*, centered horizontally to axilla and humeral head

what is the CR for Inferosuperior axial: shoulder (Lawrence method)