Cross-Cultural Psych 2

stereotypes

cognitive components of attitudes towards a special group and helps us to make judgment

prejudice and stigma

negative affective components of attitude and feeling

prejudice relates to

race and group of people

stigma relates to

deviant behavior, identities, diseases, disabilities

Social Identity Theory

a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership

• Give us a sense of social identity ( a sense of belonging to the social world)

Categorization

easier for us to understand and reduce cognitive effort

• typically overestimate similarity within a group

• exaggerate the difference between the outgroup

Im so similar to them because we all go to BC

Im so different from them because I went to private school and they went to public school

Social Comparison

• Since we belong in groups, those groups have ties with our self-esteem

• When people compare groups this way, they may favor their own group and view other groups negatively.

Social Idenitifcation

you start to see yourself as part of a group, and your values and behavior are influenced by the gorup you belong to

• ex: BC student taking on the Jesuit values

Implict Bias

people have stereotypes but not conscious about them

Stereotype Content Model

explains how people form stereotypes about different social groups based on two main dimensions: warmth and competence

warmth: how friendly, trustworthy, kind, or well-intentuoned we perceive a group to be

competence: how intelligent, capable, sucessful, or skilled we perciee a group to be

high warmth & low comptence

pity, viewed as kind byt less capable

• example: older adults

low warmth and low competence

contempt: viewed as neither friendly nor capable

low warmth and high comptence

envy, view them as successful but unfriendly

• example: wealthly professionals

high warmth and high competence

viewed as friendly and capable

• admiration

active/passive harm/faciliations explains

how our stereotype about group influence the behavior towards those groups

active facilitation

directly helping a group

passive faciliation

indirectly helping or cooperating

• ex: including somone

active harm

directly hurting a group

• bullying

passive harm

indirectly hurting a group

• ignoring, excluding

emotions

1. Reacting to something (perceived event

• “physicological state” : What do I feel in my stomach, head…

• Event in environment: the context 

• Cognitive process: dreams, hopes 

2. Nervous system leads to autonomic, non-verbal reactions

   1. Laughing at something

3. Slow cognitive processing of experience activates intentional behavior,

   1. Non-verbal communication: notice it not okay, stops laughing 

Cultural specific ideas about the physiological arousal

Happiness 

• In US: high arousal such as elation, enthusiasm

• Chinese: low arousal state such as calm

Happiness-life satisfaction scale (Dineier)

1. In most way, life is close to my ideal

2. The conditions of my life are excellent

3. I am satisfied with my life

4. So far, I gotten the important things I want in life

5. If I could live over, I would change almost nothing 
   
   

happiness with WEIRD bias 

• Try to have happiness in a more indigenous point of view….

• What about Italians??

Cultural difference in frequency

• Cubans expressive more positive emotions than Italian and Spanish

• Italian & Spain: more negative emotions than positive (65% vs 35%)

Emotion and difference between cultures

Culture and expression (high-fiving vs shaking hands)

Emotions are culturally learned

Cultural background influences the experience, emotional

regulation and expression of emotions.