Chapter 2: Demography and Population Growth

Vocabulary flashcards covering key demographic terms, population increase rates, fertility, and global mortality patterns from Chapter 2.

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Overpopulation

The relationship between the number of people and the availability of resources.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Total number of live births in a year for everyery 1,00 people alive in the society.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Total number of deaths in a year for evryey 1,00 people alive in the society.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Percentage by which a population grows in a year.

Twenty-First Century Annual Global Population Addition

The addition of $80\,\text{million}$ people to the global population every year.

Doubling Time

Number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Regions with Highest Natural Increase

Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Measures the number of births in a society; the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Total Fertility Rate Difference (LDCs vs. MDCs)

A rate of $2.6$, which is much higher in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) than in More Developed Countries (MDCs).

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The annual number of deaths of infants under $1\,\text{year}$ of age, compared with total live births.

Life Expectancy at Birth

Measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels.

Global Life Expectancy and Mortality Patterns

Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest life expectancy and highest crude death rates, while MDCs have the highest life expectancy and generally lower death rates; CDR does not follow development as neatly because older populations raise death rates in some countries.