SEP Units 1-4 Test Review

arousal

A psychologist could work at a university as a teacher while also doing research for the university, and they could help the university’s athletes with game performance.

How could a Sports Psychologist could practice all three roles within their career?

Narcissism

characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a strong need for admiration, and a belief one is especially important/deserving

Machiavellianism

characterized by manipulation, strategic thinking, and a willingness to use or deceive others to achieve personal goals.

Psychopathy

associated with low empathy, reduced guilt or remorse, and a tendency toward impulsive or antisocial behavior.

Openness

describes how open a person is to new ideas, experiences, creativity, and curiosity

Conscientiousness

describes how organized, responsible, dependable, and goal-oriented a person is.

Extroversion

describes how outgoing social, energetic, and talkative a person tends to be

Agreeableness

describes how kind, cooperative, trusting, and compassionate a person tends to be

Neuroticism

describes a tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, worry, sadness or stress

Brain & Spinal Cord

What makes up the CNS?

All other nerves in the body

What makes up the PNS?

Operant Conditioning

A type of learning in which behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments

B.F. Skinner

Who developed Operant Conditioning?

GAS

a three-stage model that describes how the body physiologically responds to chronic or acute stress; General Adaptive Syndrome

Alarm

The body recognizes a stressor immediately and triggers the acute "fight or flight” response at this stage

Resistance

If the stressor continues, the body attempts to adapt, cope, and find a new balance while remaining on high alert at this stage

Exhaustion

Long-term, chronic stress eventually depletes the body's physical, emotional, and mental resources at this stage

Cerebellum

Balance & Coordination

Brainstem

Automatic functions (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and digestion.

Frontal

higher order thinking, problem solving, judgement, memories, and social behavior

Parietal

sensory information & spatial awareness

Temporal

auditory processing

Occipital

vision processing

Art, Music, Creativity

What is the right side of the brain responsible for?

Logic, math, science

What is the left side of the brain responsible for?

Intrinsic Motivation

motivation to do an activity for its own sake because it is fun, interesting, or brings personal joy, rather than for an outside reward

Extrinsic Motivation

motivation driven by outside rewards or a desire to avoid negative consequences rather than for enjoyment or personal satisfaction

External Regulation

a form of extrinsic motivation where actions are driven entirely by external factors (rewards, punishments, rules) rather than personal choice or internal values

Introjected Regulation

a form of extrinsic motivation where you do something out of guilt rather than true personal choice

Identified Regulation

a form of extrinsic motivation where a person does something and accepts it as important, even though it may not be inherently enjoyable

Integrated Regulation

the most self-determined form of extrinsic motivation. Occurs when an individual has fully accepted a value, goal, or rule into their sense of self and personal identity.

NAF

Refers to an individual’s desire to avoid failure and protect self-esteem

NACH

Refers to an individual’s desire for significant accomplishment, mastering of skills, control, or high standards

State Anxiety

a temporary, situation-specific emotional response in feelings of tension, apprehension, and nervousness

Trait Anxiety

a long-standing personality trait that makes a person feel worried, nervous, or on edge across many different situations, rather than reacting to a single situation

Eustress

Positive Stress

Distress

Negative Stress

They are still learning the basic movements of a sport, and high arousal/ excitement disrupts their concentration, breaks down their technique, and overloads their brain.

Why does a novice of sports or competitive events require low arousal?

Arousal

Bodily energy that prepares you for action

Classical Conditioning

A type of learning that occurs when a person learns to associate two stimuli together; learned response.

Ivan Pavlov

Who was the founder of Classical Conditioning?

Psychoanalytic Theory

What psychological theory has the ID, Ego and Superego?

ID

driven by basic desires and need for immediate pleasure

Ego

The conscious and rational part that balances the id's desires with the limits of reality

Superego

Represents morals, values, and a sense of right and wrong

Sympathetic Nervous System

a part of the autonomic nervous system that controls the "fight-or-flight" response during times of stress, danger, or physical activity

Parasympathetic Nervous System

a part of the autonomic nervous system that returns the body back into homeostasis after a time of stress or danger

Sigmund Freud

Who was the founder of the Psychoanalytic Theory?

Motor Neurons

Brain to Body

Sensory Neurons

Body to Brain