Learn: Biology: Digestion, Plant Transport and Photosynthesis

What is digestion?

process of breaking down food

What is the function of the stomach?

main function is digestion. It does this by: Storing the food we eat. Breaking down the food into a liquidly mixture called chyme.

Where are most digested nutrients absorbed?

Most digested nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.

What is the function of bile?

It emulsifies fats

Q: What are enzymes?

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy/ biological catalyst that breaks down foods

What does amylase break down?

starch into glucose

What does protease break down?

Proteins into amino acids

What does lipase break down?

Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

What happens to enzymes at very high temperatures?

They become denatured

What is the lock and key model?

rigid active site. Substrate fits inside the rigid active site like a key

What is the function of xylem?

transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant

In which direction does water travel through xylem?

Mainly upwards, from the roots towards the leaves.

What are xylem vessels adapted for?

They are made from dead cells joined end to end, with no end walls and strengthened walls containing lignin.

What is the function of phloem?

Transport dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

What is translocation?

The movement of sugars through phloem in plants

How is phloem different from xylem?

Phloem transports sugars in both directions as needed and is made of living tissue. Xylem carries water and mineral ions mainly upwards and consists of dead vessels.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food

What is the function of chlorophyll?

absorb light

Why are leaves broad and thin?

absorb more solar energy

What are stomata and guard cells?

Stomata are pores for gas exchange; guard cells control their opening and closing.

What is transpiration?

The loss of water vapor through the stomata of leaves.