P&I: Intelligence

What is Charles Spearman’s ‘g’?

Stands for general intelligence, IQ tests designed to measure ‘g’ factor

Who was Francis Galton?

• First intelligence lab

• Into eugenics 😬

• Tested reaction time, sight and hearing, color identification, eye judgement

What is the Flynn Effect?

The rise in intelligence test scores over the last few decades.

Possibly plateaued or peaked

What is the Binet Simon Scale?

Alfred Binet created idea of “mental age” and created a 30-item measure to measure judgement, understanding, and reasoning.

What is the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test?

• For 4-14 y olds

• To assess: Fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory

• Verbal and non-verbal responses measured

What are the Wechsler Intelligence Scales?

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

Both have revised versions

What influences intelligence?

• Genetics

• Genotype

• Gender

• Immediate environment

• Society

• Schooling

• SES

• Race & Ethnicity

What is Spearman’s ‘Two-Factor’ Theory?

If a child does well in one intellectual task, they will do well in another

What is Thurston’s Group Factor Theory?

Intelligence is a mix of different abilities

What are Carroll’s Three-Stratum Model of Intelligence?

Stratum 1 (represents narrow abilities, very specific skills)

Stratum 2 (Crystallised Intelligence, Visual processing, Processing speed, Working memory)

Stratum 3 (a single general intelligence factor that influences performance across all cognitive tasks)

What does the Broca Area do?

Language production

What does the Wernicke Area do?

Language comprehension

What is Charles Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory?

Intelligence is general factor (g) + plus specific abilities (s)

What are the types is Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalistic, and Spatial

What are the three strands of Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?

1. Practicality’s (Contextual Sub Theory)

2. Analytics (Componential Sub Theory)

3. Creativity (Experimental Sub Theory)

What did Vygotsky believe about intelligence?

 ‘rules’ of reasoning arise primarily from our pattern of social interactions

Who coined the term Emotional Intelligence?

Daniel Goleman

What are Goleman’s Five Components of EI?

• Self awareness

• Self regulation

• Motivation

• Empathy

• Social skills

What are genotypes vs. phenotypes?

Genotype: Internal genetic code from parents

Phenotype: Outward manifestation of the individual including personality