Comprehensive Study Guide: Decision-Making, Organizational Culture, HR, and Change Management

What are biases/heuristics in decision-making?

Cognitive shortcuts or rules of thumb that simplify decision-making, including confirmation bias, anchoring and adjustment bias, sunk-cost bias, and representativeness.

What is the rational model of decision-making?

A structured approach to decision-making that involves identifying the problem, generating alternatives, evaluating those alternatives, and choosing the best option.

What are nonrational models of decision-making?

Models that recognize the limitations of rational decision-making, including bounded rationality, hubris, and satisficing.

What are the different decision-making styles?

Conceptual, directive, behavioral, and analytical styles that influence how decisions are made.

What is groupthink?

A phenomenon where the desire for harmony in a group leads to irrational or dysfunctional decision-making.

What are organizational structures?

Frameworks that define how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are directed, including hollow, matrix, and functional structures.

What are the types of organizational culture?

Clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures that shape the behavior and practices within an organization.

What are the three levels of organizational culture?

Observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions that represent the culture of an organization.

What is person-organization (P-O) fit?

The compatibility between an individual's values and the culture of the organization.

What is the difference between HR external fit and HR internal fit?

HR external fit refers to aligning HR practices with the external environment, while HR internal fit focuses on consistency among HR practices within the organization.

What is human capital?

The economic value of an employee's skill set and knowledge.

What are the types of recruitment?

Internal, external, and hybrid recruitment methods used to attract candidates.

What is the difference between structured and unstructured interviews?

Structured interviews follow a set format with predetermined questions, while unstructured interviews are more flexible and conversational.

What is onboarding?

The process of integrating new employees into an organization and its culture.

What is performance management?

A continuous process of identifying, measuring, and developing performance in organizations, distinct from performance appraisal, which is typically a periodic review.

What is the EEOC's definition of adverse impact?

A legal standard that occurs when a seemingly neutral employment practice disproportionately affects a protected group.

What are the reasons employees resist change?

Fear of the unknown, loss of control, and perceived negative impacts on their job or work environment.

What is proactive change?

Change that is initiated by the organization in anticipation of future challenges or opportunities.

What are the three forms of change?

Adaptive change, innovative change, and radically innovative change, each varying in the degree of transformation required.