tuff notes

Geocentric model

An ancient belief that positioned Earth at the center of the universe.

Heliocentric model

Proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus, this model asserts that the Sun is at the center, with planets orbiting around it.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Key figure who suggested the heliocentric model and published "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium."

Galileo Galilei

Improved the telescope and observed celestial events, supporting the heliocentric model.

Johannes Kepler

Formulated three laws of planetary motion explaining how planets orbit the Sun.

Apollo program

A series of space missions that landed humans on the Moon and expanded knowledge of space.

Eclipses

Celestial events that occur when the Earth, Moon, and Sun align, blocking one body from another.

Seasons

Changes in climate on Earth caused by its orbit around the Sun.

Animal cells

Cells that have flexible membranes but no cell walls.

Plant cells

Cells with rigid cell walls and chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Microscopes

Tools used to observe tiny cells that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Dichotomous keys

Tools that help identify organisms based on their characteristics.

Roots

Part of the plant that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.

Stems

Part of the plant that supports it and transports nutrients and water.

Leaves

Part of the plant that conducts photosynthesis, converting sunlight into food.