Science quiz

Hemophila

the inability to clot blood, too few platelets.

Leukemia

uncontrolled production of non-functional wbc’s.  It is bone marrow cancer.

Anemia

a reduced number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, which leads to a lack of oxygen in the blood (pale, tired, dizzy, cold).

Sickle Cell Anemia:

rbc’s are crescent shaped, they clump together and obstruct blood vessels.

Heart Attack

-Angina Pectoris: a narrowing of the coronary artery resulting in an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle.

Causes: chest pains that travel down the left arm.

-  Coronary Thrombosis: a complete blockage in the coronary artery leads to death

stroke

a blockage of blood to the brain.

High blood pressure

(hypertension): increased pressure on the arteries caused by: poor diet, lack of exercise, stress, genetics

atherosclerosis

deposits of fatty materials collect on the inner walls of the arteries.

Cardiovascular disease

involve the heart and blood vessels.

Coronary circulation

around the heart

systematic circulation

to and from the rest of the body (NOT the heart and lungs)

Pulmonary Ciculation

to and from the lungs to drop off CO₂ and pick up O₂

Lymph

watery fluid of the lymphatic system that helps the immune system.  Travels in lymph vessels and is filtered by lymph nodes.

Capillaries

The smallest blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules.  They are 1 CELL THICK to allow for the diffusion of molecules (gases, nutrients, wastes).

Veins

thin-walled, blood vessels, that carry blood TO the heart.  Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

arteries

Thick-walled, muscular blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart.  Used to detect a pulse

Heart

pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up O₂

Plasma

the liquid part of the blood, it transports nutrients and wastes

phagocytes

Surround and engulf to physically destroy

Lymphocytes

Produce antibodies to chemically destroy

White Blood Cells

made in the bone marrow.

The body’s defense against infection and disease

Blood clotting

-A blood vessel is injured

- Platelets clump at the site and create a mesh of fibrin to stop the flow of blood

- A clot forms (scab)

platelets

Clot the blood

Red Blood Cells

- made in the bone marrow 

- Carries O₂and CO₂ by hemoglobin an iron-containing pigment

With O₂ = red Without O₂ = DARK red