Key Concepts and Terms for Exam 3

Practice vocabulary flashcards covering the key concepts, terms, and labs for Exam 3, including streams, groundwater, glaciers, and climate change.

Discharge

Q = V x A, where Q is the discharge, V is the velocity, and A is the cross-sectional area.

Load Types

1) Dissolved Load (ions in solution)

2) Suspended Load (forces between flow and gravity)

Stoke’s Law

V = CD²

Settling velocity is affected by the density of the grain and fluid, the fluid viscosity, gravitational acceleration, and particle size.

If you ave a higher grain density, settling velocity will be higher

If you have a higher grain diameter, you have a higher settling velocity

Gradient

Change in elevation / change in distance

all streams head for base level (eventually the ocean)

Channel Patterns

Meandering Stream and Braided Stream

Fluvial Landforms

Drainage Basin Types

Radial (volcanoes, mountains) & Dendritic (flat, sedimentary rock), Rectangular (faults & joints in bedrock), Trellis

Flood Types

1) flash (rapid, dangerous, common in urban environments)

2) regional (predictable, costly, lasts for days, levy ststems, covers a large area)

3) storm surge (coastal flooding, flooding ABOVE the high tide mark)

4) dam failure

Flood Mitigation

dams, leevees, land use (vegetation/green space), forecasting

Groundwater

porosity

n = volume of void space / volume total

Gaining vs Loosing stream

gaining: water table is higher than the stream

losing: water table is lowee than the stream

permeability

ability of a solid to let a liquid pass through;

Meltwater/ Outwash

A key concept and term listed under Glaciers for Exam 3.

Glacial Landforms

A category of landforms listed under Glaciers for Exam 3.

Climate Forcings

A key concept listed under Climate Change for Exam 3.

Proxy Records

A key concept listed under Climate Change for Exam 3.

Oxygen Isotopes

A key concept listed under Climate Change for Exam 3.

Mitigation

A key concept listed under Climate Change for Exam 3.

Labs for Exam 3

The three laboratory exercises listed for Exam 3: Stream Project, Groundwater Lab, and Glacier & Climate Change Lab.

Stream Project

A specific laboratory exercise listed for Exam 3.

Groundwater Lab

A specific laboratory exercise listed for Exam 3.

Glacier & Climate Change Lab

A specific laboratory exercise listed for Exam 3.