Genetics and Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

Vocabulary flashcards covering key genetics terminology, characteristics of mitosis and meiosis, and the distinct phases of cell division.

Allele

Variation of a gene.

Dominant

An allele that can mask a recessive allele.

Recessive

Only see this phenotype when $2$ recessive alleles present.

Genotype

The alleles present in the genes on the chromosomes.

Phenotype

The physical manifestation of those alleles.

Homozygous

Two of the same alleles.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles.

Homozygous dominant

Having two dominant alleles for a specific trait.

Homozygous recessive

Having two recessive alleles for a specific trait.

Mitosis

Cell division where $2n \rightarrow 2n$, producing two identical daughter cells with chromosomes duplicated once.

Meiosis

Cell division where $2n \rightarrow n$, involving $2$ nuclear divisions with chromosomes duplicated once.

Interphase

DNA replicated in the cell.

Prophase

Sister chromatids appear.

Metaphase

Chromosomes aligned at equator of cell.

Anaphase

Separation of chromatids.

Telophase

Division of cytoplasm; daughter cells form.