Clinical A+K sheet 5

Daily functional activity using lumbar spine movements

Bending forwards such as picking up an object or tying shoelaces

Lumbar spine movements during bending

Lumbar flexion and extension

Plane and axis of lumbar flexion and extension

Sagittal plane and mediolateral axis

Prime mover for lumbar flexion

Rectus abdominis

Assistant movers for lumbar flexion

Internal obliques external obliques and psoas major

Antagonists to lumbar flexion

Erector spinae

Prime mover for lumbar extension

Erector spinae

Assistant movers for lumbar extension

Quadratus lumborum and multifidus

Antagonists to lumbar extension

Rectus abdominis

Hamstrings muscles

Biceps femoris semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Biceps femoris long head origin

Ischial tuberosity

Biceps femoris short head origin

Lateral lip of linea aspera

Biceps femoris insertion

Head of fibula and lateral tibial condyle

Actions of biceps femoris

Knee flexion lateral tibial rotation and hip extension long head only

Nerve supply of biceps femoris

Long head tibial branch short head fibular branch of sciatic nerve

Semitendinosus origin

Ischial tuberosity lower medial facet

Semitendinosus insertion

Medial surface of medial tibial condyle

Actions of semitendinosus

Hip extension knee flexion and medial rotation

Nerve supply of semitendinosus

Tibial nerve

Semimembranosus origin

Ischial tuberosity upper lateral facet

Semimembranosus insertion

Posterior medial surface of medial tibial condyle

Actions of semimembranosus

Hip extension knee flexion and medial rotation

Nerve supply of semimembranosus

Tibial branch of sciatic nerve

Multifidus morphology

Deep triangular segmental back muscle

Multifidus origin

Sacrum PSIS transverse and mammillary processes

Multifidus insertion

Spinous processes two to four vertebrae above

Multifidus action

Vertebral stabilisation and postural control

Multifidus nerve supply

Medial branches of posterior rami

Knee joint classification

Modified synovial hinge joint

Articulating surfaces of the knee

Distal femoral condyles and proximal tibial condyles

Function of menisci

Increase stability surface area and femoral support

Normal ankle inspection features

Alignment weight bearing muscle bulk swelling redness scars

Normal foot inspection features

Foot position gait arch height swelling and bruising

Ligament attaching to medial malleolus

Deltoid ligament

Anterior hip joint surface marking

Midpoint between ASIS and pubic symphysis 1.5 cm inferior

Posterior hip joint surface marking

Midpoint between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity 1 cm superior

Normal hip abduction ROM

Thirty to fifty degrees

Hip abduction end feel

Firm capsular or muscular

Prime movers of plantarflexion

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Assistant movers of plantarflexion

Tibialis posterior FDL FHL and plantaris

Grade three plantarflexion strength

Full range against gravity

Talar tilt test assesses

CFL with inversion and deltoid ligament with eversion

Anterior drawer ankle test assesses

Anterior talofibular ligament

Transversus abdominis palpation

Palpate medial and inferior to ASIS during draw in manoeuvre

Rectus femoris flexibility test

Side lying knee flexed and hip extended

Patellofemoral joint PAMs

Medial lateral caudad and cephalad glides