CH.3 Carbohydrates, Sugars, starches, and fibers

Excess glucose in the blood is converted into glycogen and stored primarily in the..

Liver and muscles

Soluble fiber is broken down by bacteria in the..

Large Intestine

The main function of carbohydrates in the body is to..

Furnish the body with energy

People suffering from lactose intolerance lack the..

Lactase enzyme

Which of the following is the principal Carbohydrate in milk?

Lactose

what does the brain, CNS, RBS only want for energy?

glucose

Simple carbs/sugars

breaks down easily in 20 minutes

• Ex: Fruit, pretzels

Complex Carbs

startches, fibers

What is digestible for humans and what is not?

Starches- digestible for humans

Fibers- not digestible for humans

monosaccharide

easily break down

most common

glucose

major saccharide in body

aka dextrose

on every disaccharide

Fructose

aka fruit sugar

usually found naturally in fruit, honey

High fructose guar=high cal made sweetener

not nutrient dense

added sugars are found here

Galactose

Milk sugar

breaks glucose into energy

Maltose

Aka Malt sugar

2 glucose mol

Found at beer, liquor

not common in food

Sucrose

table sugar (brown/white)

converts glucose to fructose

Lactose

Milk Sugar

Glucose and galactose

dairy products

Hydrolysis

occurs at digestion

breaks polysaccharides and disaccharides into 1 glucose unit

happens in the morning

Condensation

stored at the liver and muscles

pushing back together to store

Glycogen

Made of glucose

not found in food

storage form

stored in the liver and muscles

Startch

Complex carb

Plant polysaccharide

Made up of glucose units

found in sweet potatoes, beans, wheat, grains

digestable

Fibers

structural part of veggies, whole grains

does not break down nor give energy

soluble fiber

dissolved in water, large intestine

helps lower cholesterol; good for diabetics, heart disease

EX: Oats, fruits

Insoluble Fibers

found in whole grains, veggies

doesn’t dissolve

helps with bowel movements

decreases risk of colon cancer

Functional fibers

manufacture put fiber in food (supplements)

Resistant starches

whole grain, pasta

cools down and doesn’t want to digest

Phytic acid

scientist tests it acts like fiber

Salivary Amylase

1st enzyme working on carbs

Role of FIber

not digestible and not good for gut health

In the small intestine is the…

most carbohydrate digestion

Pancreatic amylase

break down startches

What is Maltase, Sucrase, and Lactase made of

Sucrase- Sucrose= Fructose + Glucose

Lactase- glycose= glucose + galactose

Maltase- maltose= glucose + glucose

Glucose is a key player in…

storing glucose as glycogen

Gluconeogenesis

Conv. of protein to glucose

Use amino acids for energy

Ketone

make energy from fat