Activating Groups

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Last updated 3:26 AM on 10/8/26
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8 Terms

1
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Activating groups favor what direction?

Ortho/para directing.

2
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Strongly Activating

Oxygen/Nitrogen is attached directly to the ring and has a lone pair.

Donates into the ring via resonance → stronger than inductive withdrawal.

3
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Moderate Activators

Acyl group attached to the Oxygen/Nitrogen.

Ring is less activated.

4
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Weakly Activating

Alkyl, aryl, and vinyl groups make up this category.

5
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Examples of strongly activating


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6
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Examples of moderately activating


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7
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Examples of weakly activating

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8
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Order from most deactivating to most activating

SD → MD → WD → WA → MA → SA