EXAM 2

Advantage of the adaptive immune system

Memory cells that provide quicker, larger, more efficient immune responses.

Efferent lymphatic vessels

Lymph leaves a lymph node via these vessels.

Intrapulmonary pressure

The pressure within the alveoli of the lungs.

Inspiration occurs when intrapulmonary pressure is __.

Less than atmospheric pressure.

Cellular component of innate defense

Natural killer cells.

Class 1 MHC

Prevents self-antigens to teach T cells tolerance.

Role of interferon in disease defense

Protect cells that have not yet been affected.

False statement regarding the spleen

Red pulp is where immune function takes place.

Where do T cells mature?

In the thymus.

Most abundant immunoglobulin in antibody plasma

IgG.

First action during inspiration

Diaphragm descends, thoracic volume begins to increase and rib cage rises.

Antibody that protects mucosal barriers

IgA.

B cell receptor along with IgM

IgD.

Main antibody of both primary and secondary immune response

IgG.

Immunoglobulin involved in allergies

IgE.

First peak during immune response

IgM.

Role of the diaphragm in respiration

Contracts to increase thoracic volume, reducing pressure and drawing air into the lungs.

Immediate and subacute hypersensitivities are caused by which antibodies?

Antibodies that trigger the release of histamine.

Class 1 MHC vs Class 2 MHC

Class 1 is intracellular; Class 2 is extracellular.

What happens when pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure?

Air moves out of the lungs.

What does the nose not sense?

As a direct indicator of cough reflex.

Definition of bubo

An infected lymph node.

Relationship between gas and pressure

Boyle's Law.

Function of T cells in the immune system

Function in adaptive immune system activation.

CD4 T cells role

Helper T cells.

Lymphoid organ that atrophies with age

Thymus.

What is not classified as a lymphoid organ?

Pancreas.

Who releases antibodies against foreign substances?

Plasma cells.

Who kills cancer and virally infected cells before activation?

Natural Killer cells.

Primary function of ciliated epithelium in the trachea

To trap and move mucus, dust, and pathogens out of the respiratory tract.

Swelling of mucosal tissue in the oral cavity

Tonsil.

Function of type 2 alveolar cells

Secrete surfactant.

Who primarily expresses class 1 MHC molecules?

All nucleated cells.

What is not part of the lymphatic system?

Erythrocytes.

Structure in the respiratory system that adjusts airway diameter

Bronchioles.

What maintains an open trachea?

C-shaped cartilage rings.

A conducting zone structure

Terminal bronchiole.

Vaccines work by exposing the adaptive immune system to __.

Relatively harmless primary exposure.

Innate immune system defenses include

Phagocytosis.

Lymphatic capillaries

More permeable than blood capillaries.

Effect of HIV targeting helper T cells

Destroys helper T cells weakening the immune response.

What pressure keeps the lungs from collapsing?

Transpulmonary pressure.

Primary role of epiglottis in respiration

Prevent food and liquid from entering the airway during swallowing.

Function of MHC Class 2 molecules

Present extracellular antigens to CD4 T cells.

Small secondary lymphoid organ along the lymphatic vessels

Lymph node.

Flu vaccine seasonal requirement

Flu has several strains that change drastically.

How do intercoastal muscles assist in respiration?

They contract during inhalation to lift the rib cage and increase thoracic volume.

Membrane attack complex kills by

Disrupting the selective permeability of bacteria's plasma membrane.