Topographical Anatomy and Skeleton of the Upper Limb

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the external form, anatomical divisions, skin characteristics, and osteology/arthrology of the human upper limb (membrum superius).

Membrum superius

The upper extremity or arm, whose boundaries with the trunk are defined in topographical anatomy, with the shoulder serving as its root.

Regio deltoidea

The shoulder region overlying the convexity of the m. deltoideus, classified as an anatomical region belonging to the upper limb.

Regio infraclavicularis and regio axillaris

Anterior transitional regions classified as chest regions, despite containing the primary blood vessels and nerves supplying the upper limb.

Brachium

The upper arm (nadlaktica), which geometrically corresponds in shape to a cylinder.

Antebrachium

The forearm (podlaktica), which is dorso-palmarly flattened and corresponds in shape to a truncated cone that tapers distally.

Cubitus

The elbow; connects the brachium to the antebrachium and is flattened dorso-palmarly by the lateral projection of the epicondyles.

Epicondylus medialis

The medial bony projection on the distal end of the humerus where the forearm flexor muscle group originates.

Epicondylus lateralis

The lateral bony projection on the distal end of the humerus where the forearm extensor muscle group originates.

V-shaped depression of the elbow

A surface contour depression visible on the anterior aspect of the cubitus between the flexing/extending muscle groups and the descending mm. biceps brachii and brachialis.

Manus

The hand; a broad and flattened distal part of the arm where palmar and dorsal aspects are sharply demarcated by ulnar and radial borders.

Digiti manus

The fingers of the hand, designated as digits I through V or by specific names: pollex (1), index (2), digitus medius (3), digitus anularis (4), and digitus minimus (5).

Palma manus (vola manus)

The palm of the hand, characterized by a thick pousmina (epidermis).

Dorsum manus

The back (hrbat) of the hand, where the skin is especially mobile relative to the underlying tissue.

Rameni pojas (Shoulder girdle)

The skeletal girdle of the upper limb formed on both the right and left sides by two elements: the scapula (lopatica) and clavicula (ključna kost).

Art. sternoclavicularis

The small joint connecting the clavicle to the sternum, constituting the only direct articulation between the shoulder girdle and the axial skeleton of the trunk.

Humerus

The single long bone comprising the skeleton of the upper arm (brachium).

Art. humeri

The shoulder joint, formed by the articulation between the humerus and the scapula.

Ulna

The medial bone of the forearm (lakatna kost) in the anatomical orientation position, whose proximal end forms the tip of the elbow when flexed.

Radius

The lateral bone of the forearm (palčana kost) positioned parallel to the ulna in the anatomical orientation position.

Art. cubiti

The elbow joint, which connects the humerus to the two bones of the forearm (radius and ulna).

Carpus

The wrist skeleton consisting of eight short bones arranged in two transverse rows.

Art. radiocarpea

The wrist joint between the skeleton of the forearm (primarily the radius) and the proximal row of carpal bones.

Metacarpus

The intermediate part of the hand skeleton consisting of five long metacarpal bones (pešćajne kosti).

Ossa digitorum manus (Phalanges)

The bones of the digits, comprising three phalanges per finger (phalanx proximalis, phalanx media, phalanx distalis), with the exception of the pollex, which has only two (proximal and distal).