PCB 3703L Lab 3 Axial Skeleton Lab Flashcards

Foramen

A passageway in a bone.

Fossa

A shallow depression in a bone.

Sulcus

A groove in a bone.

Meatus

A long canal in a bone.

Fissure

A narrow slit in a bone.

Sinus

A cavity in a bone.

Condyle

A rounded prominence on a bone.

Tuberosity

A roughened process on a bone.

Tubercle

A small, rounded process on a bone.

Spine

A sharp, slender process on a bone.

Crest

A narrow ridge of bone.

Trochanter

A very large process on a bone.

Head (bone)

A portion supported by a narrow neck.

Axial skeleton bone count

Contains 80 bones total.

Axial skeleton function

Provide structural support for the whole body, encase major organs, and protect soft tissues

Axial skeleton main regions

Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

Skull bone count

Contains 29 bones and protects the brain.

Vertebral column bone count

Contains 26 bones and supports the trunk.

Thoracic cage bone count

Contains 25 bones to protect internal organs.

Hyoid bone articulation

Does not articulate with any other bone in the body.

Hyoid bone suspension

Suspended from styloid processes of temporal bone by ligaments and muscles.

Frontal bone count

Exactly 1 bone.

Occipital bone (1) key features

Foramen magnum and occipital condyles.

Parietal bones count

2 paired bones.

Temporal (2) bone key features

Mandibular fossa, external acoustic meatus, styloid process, mastoid process, and zygomatic process.

Sphenoid (1) bone shape

Looks like a bat.

Sphenoid (1) bone features

Greater wings, lesser wings, and Sella turcica (saddle).

Ethmoid (1) bone shape

Looks like a walnut or peach pit.

Ethmoid (1) bone features

Perpendicular plate, nasal conchae, and cribriform plate.

Sagittal suture

Located between the right and left parietal bones.

Coronal suture

Located between the frontal and parietal bones.

Squamous suture

Located between the temporal and parietal bones.

Lambdoidal suture

Located between the parietal and occipital bones.

Maxilla

The upper jawbone (2 bones).

Palatine bones

Form the posterior part of the hard palate (2 bones).

Zygomatic bones (2)

Form the cheekbones and feature a temporal process.

Lacrimal bones (2)

Contain a lacrimal fossa to collect tears.

Nasal bones (2)

Form the bridge of the nose and are associated with paranasal sinuses.

Vomer bone

Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum (1 bone).

Mandible (1)

The lower jawbone, featuring the mandibular condyle.

Auditory ossicles function

Transmit and amplify sound to the inner ear.

Malleus

The auditory ossicle that looks like a hammer.

Incus

The auditory ossicle that looks like an anvil.

Stapes

The auditory ossicle that looks like a stirrup.

Sternal angle

Anatomical landmark for finding rib 2 and listening to heart sounds.

Sternum shape

Dagger-shaped, consisting of manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

Ribs total count

12 pairs of ribs.

Vertebrosternal ribs

7 pairs of true ribs that attach directly to the sternum.

Vertebrochondral ribs

3 pairs of false ribs that attach to cartilage.

Vertebral ribs

2 pairs of false, floating ribs that do not attach to the sternum.

General vertebra parts

Body, transverse process, spinous process, vertebral foramen, lamina, pedicle, and intervertebral foramen.

Cervical vertebrae count

7 vertebrae, looking like an elephant.

Thoracic vertebrae count

12 vertebrae, looking like a giraffe.

Lumbar vertebrae count

5 vertebrae, looking like a moose.

Sacrum composition

4 to 5 fused segments.

Coccyx

Commonly known as the tailbone.

Atlantoaxial joint

Formed by the articulation between C1 (Atlas) and C2 (Axis).