New limbic system

Limbic system location

• Located as a border between?

• Lies on __ rim between?

Basic jobs of the limbic system

• __ behaviors

• __

• __

• Expression of __

• Expression of __, __, __ aspects of the __ response

The limbic system: “___”

“Feeling and reacting brain”

Limbic system

• Associated with control of functions necessary for?

• Regulate what function in response to emotional stimuli?

• Set level of?

• Involved in what behaviors?

Self and species preservation

ANS & endocrine fxn

Arousal

motivation & reinforcing behaviors

Limbic system has a large role in?

memory

The limbic system creates two-way connection between thoughts/memories & emotions via?

fornix

Fornix - arched structure whose neurons communicate between?

hippocampus & hypothalamus

Limbic system - HOME

Limbic system function

• Responsible for?

• Serves as a bridge between what responses?

emotion laden responses & behaviors

autonomic & voluntary responses

Hypothalamus

• Primary __ for the limbic system

• Connected w/ ___ via __

• Receives inputs from __ via the __

Hypothalamus

• Receives sensory inputs from?

• Has internal sensory for?

• Has receptors for what signals?

Hypothalamus has output centers involved in?

Hypothalamus strongly influences many functions including what 3 functions?

• What functions are intrinsic to hypothalamus?

Amygdala

• Located in what lobe? within __ in __ gyrus

• End of __ near __

Amygdala

• Receives a lot of what type of info?

• Project efferent fibers to?

Role of Amygdala

• Critical center for __, __, and __

  • Especially those with __ content

• Integrates many __ reactions involved in the survival of the species

  • Particularly to?

Lesion to amygdala produces?

reduced response to stress

Stimulation of amygdala produces?

directed rage reactions

Primary olfactory cortex receives direct input from? without passing through?

CN 1

thalamus

Primary olfactory cortex is located near? of what lobe?

medial anterior tip of temporal lobe

Olfaction creates strong connections with __ portion of __ and __

anterior portions of temporal lobe & amygdala

Hippocampus is part of the limbic system located in __ aspect of what lobe?

Hippocampus is critically involved in what?

• Huge role in __ being converted to __

• Active in both __ and __

Also has significant contribution to understanding __ within environment

Cingulate gyrus

• Located next to?

• Links ___ with __

• Also associated with emotional response to __ and regulation of __

Papez circuit

• “Emotion System” linking the cortex to?

• Plays role in __ and __

• Project to?

What sits anterior to the premotor cortex?

PFC

PFC function? important for?

JIMM

PFC - Receives input from the other areas what 3 places?

Damage to PFC

PFC can be strongly affected by?

PFC function is abnormal in?

PTSD

• __ disorder

• Persistence __ response

Causes of PTSD

PTSD

• Most people adapt to a traumatic event in the initial?

• Gender

PTSD

• Prefrontal Cortex

  • What is responsible for executive function?

  • What regulates emotion ?

PTSD

• Amygdala

  • __ center, activated when?

PTSD

• Hippocampus

  • Function of

    • Back part:

    • Front part:

    • other functions

PTSD

• Normal function: what helps you shut down __ and cope ?

Stress induced changes

• PFC

  • PET studies have shown that persons with PTSD often have altered __ to the prefrontal cortex

Stress induced changes

• Amygdala

  • With decreased regulation by the prefrontal cortex, activity of amygdala is __

  • Increased formation of __ memories

Stress induced changes

• Hippocampus

  • What is observed in those who have PTSD?

  • Could be?

  • What can increase vulnerability to PTSD?

HPA - under normal stress conditions

• __ signals pituitary gland - releasing?

• __ signals adrenal gland - releasing?

• Adrenal gland releases?

HPA - in people w/ PTSD

• Alterations in?

• Cortisol levels?

• CRF levels?

• Results in maladaptive response to what stimulus?

Why low cortisol=PTSD

• Cortisol does what during fight or flight?

• What are responsible for memory formation & arousal?
  
  

Clinical Signs/Symptoms of PTSD

Diagnosing PTSD

Risk Factors for PTSD