COM 110 Exam #1

Why do we communicate?

To express basic needs, thoughts, and feelings.

Professional Benefits of Studying IC

Networking, interviews, leading meetings and collaborating effectively.

Personal Benefits of Interpersonal Communications

Relationships are developed, maintained, and destroyed through interpersonal interactions.

What is the definition of interpersonal communication?

The verbal and nonverbal interactions between two interdependent people.

Interpersonal communication varies in mindfulness.

To be effective, you need to be open to different perspectives and information.

Interpersonal communication exists on a continuum.

All IC is somewhere between impersonal and interpersonal.

IC is transactional.

IC is a process between two people who are mutually influential.

IC is purposeful.

We have the potential to always be communicating something/.

IC is ambiguous.

Words and symbols can be interpreted in multiple ways.

IC refers to content and relationship.

Content level: information explicitly stated. Relationship level: messages that refer to the relationship between the two people communicating.

Interpersonal Communication Competence

The ability to communicated effectively, appropriately, and ethically.

Source-Receiver

The two people in an exchange of information.

Encoding

The act of building a message.

Decoding

The act of understanding a message.

Messages

Textual, verbal, and nonverbal aspects of communication.

Channel

The medium through which a message passes (i.e. face-to-face or over the phone).

Physical Noise

External interference.

Physiological noise

Interference within the body.

Psychological Noise

Mental interference.

Semantic Noise

Interference from different meaning systems.

Physical Context

The environment where communication takes place.

Temporal Context

The time at which communication takes place.

Relational Context

The relationship between the individuals communicating.

Cultural Context

The culture in which the communication takes place.

Feedback

The verbal or nonverbal response to the message.

Intrapersonal Communication

Communication that exists within one’s mind.

What is the self?

An individuals relatively stable mental image of themself.

Self-image

The idea that one has of themself

Self-worth

The value an individual places on themself

Ideal self

Version of the self that an individual would like to be.

How do we come to know who we are?

Through communication with others

Who are particular others?

Specific who are important in our lives.

What is direct definition?

Being directly told something about yourself. (i.e. “You are…”)

What is reflected appraisal?

Our perception of another’s view of us.

What is social comparison??

Assessing ourselves in relation to others.

Identity Scripts

Rules for identity and living that we learn from others.

Generalized Other

People who aren’t our specific others.

Face

Impression of self that we want.I

Impression Management

How we use communication to influence others to believe our face.

Self-Disclosure

Intentionally revealing information about ourselves

The Johari Window

A model of illustrating self-disclosure and how we can better understand ourselves.

Open Self

Known to us, known to others.

Blind Self

Known to others, unknown to us.

Hidden Self

Unknown to others, known to self.

Blind Self

Unknown to others, unknown to self.

Culture

The language, values, beliefs, traditions, and customs that people share and learn.

Umbrella Culture

The general culture that characterizes a country.

Co-Culture

Groups that exist within a culture.

Social Identity

The part of the self-concept that is based on membership groups.

How does language related to communication?

Language is the most essential part of communication.

Semantic rules

Dictionary definitions.

Syntactic rules

Grammar, syntax.

Pragmatic Rules

How individuals interpret messages based on the context.

Abstraction

The degree to which messages are general or specific.M

Meta-Communication

Communication about communication.

Instrumental functions of language

Use of language to fulfill needs, express emotions, and control your environment.

Regulatory use of language

Language used to influence another’s behaviors through rules or persuasion or requests.

Personal functions of language

Use of language to express the self

Heuristic functions of language

Use of language to explore, learn, and solve problems.

Representational functions of language

Language used to represent thoughts, objects, and ideas

Disclaimer

Potentially problematic language. Attempts to distance a speaker from remarks that might be unwelcome.

“But” statements

Potentially problematic language. A way to cancel the thought preceding it.

Relative language

Potentially problematic language. Giving something meaning by comparing it to something else.

Static evaluation

Potentially problematic language. Implies that something is unchanging, when it could change.

Evaluative Language

Potentially problematic language. Describes how a speaker feels about something.

Language of responsibility

Language that places responsibility on one person

“You “ language

• “You” Language: expresses judgement of other person

“I” Language

“I” Language: identifies speakers thoughts, feelings, and emotions

“We” Language

“I” Language: identifies speakers thoughts, feelings, and emotions

Characteristic of NVC

Symbolic, ambiguous, rule-governed, can be intentional or unintentional, continuous, multi-channeled, and can influence/deceive.

What can NVC do?

Coincide verbal messages, establish and maintain relationships, regulate interactions, reflects and expresses cultural values, and manage impressions.

Kinesics

How people communicate through their body

Emblems

Substitutes for verbal expression. (Kinesics)

Illustrators

Used to visualize or emphasize verbal messages. (Kinesics)

Affect Display

Physical displays of emotion. (Kinesics)

Regulators

Indicates how you want others to behave or what you want them to do. (Kinesics)

Adaptors

Used to satisfy personal needs. (Kinesics)

Positive Affect

Convey support, appreciation, attraction. (Haptics)

Playful Touch

convey support, appreciation, attraction

Playful Touch

Playful affection or aggression

Contro

Touch used to gain compliance, gain attention.

Ritualistic Touch

Used to greet or say goodbye

Hybrid touch

Used to greet/say goodbye and express affection

Task-related touch

Touch necessary to get something done

Accidental Touch

Unintentional or potentially meaningless

Proxemics

The distances we maintain between each other in our interactionsI

Intimate Distance

Touching to 18 inches

Personal distance

18 inches to 4 feet, where we spend most of our timw

Social distance

4 feet to 12 feet, social interactions that are not very personal in nature

Public Distance

12 feet and beyond, two-way communication becomes hardV

Vocalics

The way that a message is spoken

Sounds

Murmurs, gasps

Vocal Qualities

rate, volume, pitch, emphasis

Disfluencies

Vocalized pauses

Chronemics

the study of how humans use time and structure

How can chronemics be used to express messages and identify who has power?

Use of time can express intentional and unintentional messages. Use of time can be determined by culture.

Artifacts

Objects used to announce identities and heritage, and to personalize environments

Territoriality

The establishment and maintenance of space that people use for their personal use

Primary Territory

Space that you own or have control over

Secondary territory

Don’t own it, but is yours for a specific time due to repeated use