A/P Labs Exam 2

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Rectus femoris

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Vastus lateralis

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Deltoid

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Tricep brachii

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Supraspinatus

Flexor muscles

Found on the front (palmar/anterior) side of the forearm and upper arm

It decreases the angle of a joint (bending the elbow, closing the fist, or curling the wrist towards the palm)

Extensor muscle

Found on the back (dorsal/posterior) side of the forearm and upper arm

Increases the angle of a joint (straightening the elbow, opening the hand, or pulling the back of the hand toward the forearm)

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Gastrocnemius

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Gracilis

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Sartorius

Insertion

The site where a skeletal muscle attaches to the bone or structure that moves during a muscular contraction

Origin

Attachment of a tendon to the stationary bone

Concentric

Examples: lifting the weight, standing out of a squat

Eccentric

Examples: lowering the weight, lowering to a squat

Insertion

Attachment of a tendon to the moveable bone

Isotonic contraction

Same tension, muscle length changes

Isometric contraction

Muscle length stays the same, tension changes

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Gluteus maximus

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Rectus abdominis

Identify these 3 muscles

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Orbicularis oculi

How many hamstring muscles are there? What are they?

3 main muscles:

• Biceps femoris

• Semitendinosus

• Semimembranosus

How many quadriceps muscles are there? What are they?

4 main muscles:

• Rectus femoris

• Vastus lateralis

• Vastus medialis

• Vastus intermedius

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Vastus lateralis

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Vastus medialis

What muscle type is associated with voluntary movement?

Skeletal muscle- its under conscious control

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Vastus intermedius (beneath rectus femoris)

What division of the peripheral nervous system controls skeletal muscle contractions?

Somatic nervous system

How many arteries branch off the aortic arch?

3 arteries:

• Brachiocephalic trunk

• Left common carotid artery

• Left subclavian artery

What is the name of blood vessels that travel under the clavicle?

Subclavian arteries and Subclavian veins- they run beneath the collarbone

What are the ossicles of the ear, and what is the auditory/eustachian tube?

Ossicles: 3 tiny bones in the middle ear

• Malleus (hammer)

• Incus (anvil)

• Stapes (stirrup)

Auditory/Eustachian tube: connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx (upper throat) and helps equalize air pressure on both sides of the eardrum

What is the difference between gyri and sulci? Know the singular and plural forms.

Singular: Plural: Meaning:

Gyrus Gyri Raised ridges or folds of the brain

Sulcus Sulci Shallow grooves between gyri

What are the fissures of the brain?

Major fissures: Longitudinal and Transverse fissures

Major sulci/fissures used to identify the lobes:

• Central sulcus

• Lateral sulcus (sylvian fissures)

• Parieto-occipital sulcus

What are the lobes of the brain?

• Frontal

• Parietal

• Temporal

• Occipital

Anatomically, the frontal lobe is _______ to the occipital lobe

Anterior- toward the front of the body

True or False: Deoxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary artery?

True

What are the shallow grooves between gyri?

Sulci (singular: sulcus)

What endocrine gland is responsible for sleep regulation?

Pineal gland- produces melatonin

Grey matter in the brain is found in the ______ of the cerebrum

Cerebral cortex

Identify this part of the brain

Pons

Identify the part of the brain the arrow is pointing to

Cerebrum

Identify these parts of the brain

1. Gyri

2. Sulci

Identify the eye model structures

1. Sclera

2. Iris

3. Cornea

4. Retina

Identify this part of the eye

Olfactory bulb

Identify these cranial nerves/related structures

1. Optic chiasm

2. Optic nerve

3. Optic tract

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Orbicularis oris

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Diaphragm

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Temporalis

Identify this muscle (be more specific what are the red and green parts)

Biceps brachii

Red- Long head

Green- Short head

Identify this muscle

Brachialis