Week #6 Brain - Internal Anatomy

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Last updated 12:27 AM on 9/29/26
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11 Terms

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Gray Matter

• Composed of neuronal cell bodies

• Appears brownish-gray grossly

• Found in the cortex of the cerebrum and cerebellum

<p>• Composed of neuronal cell bodies </p><p>• Appears brownish-gray grossly </p><p>• Found in the cortex of the cerebrum and cerebellum</p>
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White Matter

• Consists mainly of myelinated nerve fibers

• Myelin is a white, fatty sheath around the axon

• The “wiring” that carries nerve impulses in and out of the gray matter

• Found in the medulla of the cerebrum and cerebellum

<p>• Consists mainly of myelinated nerve fibers </p><p>• Myelin is a white, fatty sheath around the axon </p><p>• The “wiring” that carries nerve impulses in and out of the gray matter </p><p>• Found in the medulla of the cerebrum and cerebellum</p>
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Corpus Callosum

• Structure made up of nerve fibers that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

<p>• Structure made up of nerve fibers that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres</p>
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Brainstem

• Three parts:

Medulla oblongata

Pons

Midbrain

<p>• Three parts: </p><p>Medulla oblongata</p><p>Pons</p><p>Midbrain</p>
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Medulla Oblongata

• Area of the brainstem that connects to the spinal cord

<p>• Area of the brainstem that connects to the spinal cord</p>
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Pons

• Located just rostral to the medulla oblongata

• Separated from the medulla oblongata by a horizontal groove

• Has a rounded appearance bilaterally

<p>• Located just rostral to the medulla oblongata</p><p>• Separated from the medulla oblongata by a horizontal groove </p><p>• Has a rounded appearance bilaterally</p>
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Diencephalon

• An area of the brain that serves as a nervous system passageway between the brainstem and the cerebrum • Not well-defined physically

• Important structures:

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Pineal gland

<p>• An area of the brain that serves as a nervous system passageway between the brainstem and the cerebrum • Not well-defined physically </p><p>• Important structures: </p><p>Thalamus</p><p>Hypothalamus</p><p>Pituitary gland</p><p>Pineal gland</p>
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Thalamus

• Relay station for regulating sensory input to the cerebrum

• Circular structure ventral to the corpus callosum

<p>• Relay station for regulating sensory input to the cerebrum </p><p>• Circular structure ventral to the corpus callosum</p>
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Hypothalamus

• Bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system

• Located ventral to the thalamus

<p>• Bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system </p><p>• Located ventral to the thalamus</p>
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Pituitary Gland

• Master gland of the endocrine system

• Regulates production and release of many hormones throughout the body

• Bean-shaped structure ventral to the hypothalamus

<p>• Master gland of the endocrine system</p><p>• Regulates production and release of many hormones throughout the body</p><p>• Bean-shaped structure ventral to the hypothalamus</p>
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Pineal Gland

• Also called the pineal body

• Small, beanshaped structure located caudal to the thalamus

<p>• Also called the pineal body</p><p>• Small, beanshaped structure located caudal to the thalamus</p>