CRIM.1

Week one

What questions guide the etiology of violence?

Where violent behavior comes from; whether people are born violent or made violent; biological + environmental contributors.

Is criminal behavior innate or learned?

All criminal behavior is learned behavior.

What environmental factors contribute to violence?

ACEs, socioeconomic status, learning difficulties, pro‑criminal influences, substance misuse, attachment issues.

What is the impact of 7+ ACEs?

20‑year reduction in life expectancy.

Why is anger not the root problem?

Anger is a secondary emotion; fear and sadness are primary.

What leads to violence, what is our focus?

Emotional dysregulation + attempts to regain control = violence.

How does parental modeling influence violence, imprinting of violence?

Children model emotional dysregulation; underdeveloped problem‑solving → violence becomes a simple solution.

What is Antisocial personality disorder?

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of others’ rights since age 15.

What are the symptoms for APD?

breaking laws repeatedly, manipulates or lies, impulsivity, aggressiveness, reckless disregard for safety, irresponsibility, lack of remorse.

What age is required for APD diagnosis?

Must be at least 18.

What must occur before age 15 for APD?

Conduct disorder.

APD prevalence?

0.2–3.3%, more common in males.

features of APD?

Lack of empathy, callousness, cynicism, arrogance, superficial charm.

where does APD start?

Begins in adolescence, persists into adulthood; criminal behavior may decline in the 40s.

Is APD the same as psychopathy or sociopathy?

No — APD ≠ psychopathy; sociopathy ≠ psychopathy.

Etiology: Psychodynamic cause of APD?

Absence of parental love → lack of trust → destructive bonding.

Etiology:Cognitive‑behavioral cause of APD?

learned through modeling and rewards for harmful behavior.

Etiology: Biological causes of APD?

Genetic
low serotonin—→ impulsivity
brain differences in area responsible for emapthy and judgment

Is APD treatment effective?

Typically ineffective; most are court‑mandated.

what does therapy focus in APD?

Pro‑social living so needs are met without criminal behavior.

Why treatment on APD focuses?

improving Impulse control

What are the symptoms for NPD?

belief of being special, need for admiration, entitlement, exploitation, lack of empathy, envy, arrogance.

NPD prevalence?

6.2%, higher in males.

Associated features of NPD?

Highly sensitive to “injury”; take things personally.

Etiology of NPD?

Cold, rejecting parents → defense against shame → need for admiration.

Etiology of NPD (2nd)?

Overly positive parenting → reinforced superiority.

Is NPD easy to treat?

No — one of the hardest personality disorders to treat, resist feedback.

Treatment approaches for NPD?

• Psychodynamic: address insecurities

• CBT: challenge self‑centered thinking

What is emotional manipulation?

Attempts to control behavior, invalidate feelings, isolate someone, and maintain control.

Where does emotional manipulation occur?

Intimate relationships, work, family, friendships.

What is gaslighting?

A form of emotional manipulation that makes someone doubt their reality.

APD VS NPD

APD= rule breaking, aggression, no remorse
NPD= grandiosity, entitled, admiration- seeking