[CLC9007] MID-TERM PREP

Column A (Terms)	Column B (Definitions)
1. Eustress	A. Long-term stress that causes feelings of hopelessness and chronic illness.
2. Distress	B. Short-term stressor that is sudden, intense, but disappears quickly.
3. Stressor	C. Pleasurable and satisfying stress that keeps life interesting.
4. Acute Stress	D. State where people become overaroused, short-tempered, and irritable.
5. Episodic Acute Stress	E. Any event or situation that is perceived as a threat.
6. Chronic Stress	F. Negative, unpleasant stress that drains energy and surpasses capacity to cope.

1.C 2.F 3.E 4.B 5.D 6.A

How is stress defined in terms of human physiology and environment adaptation?
A) A permanent disorder of the nervous system.

B) The "wear and tear" our bodies experience as we adjust to our continually changing environment.

C) A completely negative reaction that must be avoided at all costs.

D) An involuntary reflex controlled solely by the spinal cord.

B

Subjectively, stress is best described as a(n) ________ response.

 A) purely physical

B) cognitive interpretation (appraisal) and internal mental state of tension

C) genetic defect

D) environmental hazard

B

Mental health is defined as:

A) The complete absence of mental disorders.

B) More than the absence of disorders, including positive mental well-being.

C) Having no emotional reactions to daily events.

D) A state achieved only through medical treatment.

B

What proportion of working-age adults experience a mental health problem in a given year?

A) 1 in 2 (50%)

B) 1 in 10 (10%)

C) 1 in 5 (20%)

D) 1 in 20 (5%)

C

Among those who experience mental health problems, what percentage suffer from SERIOUS disorders (e.g., major depression, schizophrenia)?

A) 5%

B) 15%

C) 20%

D) 77%

A

According to the AXA 2024 Study of Mind Health in Hong Kong, what percentage of employees experienced mental health issues from their jobs, and which issue more than doubled from 2023?

A) 50%; Depression

B) 77%; Burnout (reaching 22%)

C) 20%; Anxiety

D) 15%; Insomnia

B

Among the leading causes of disabilities worldwide, how many out of 10 are mental disorders?
A) 2 out of 10

B) 3 out of 10

C) 5 out of 10

D) 8 out of 10

C

Which principle states that up to a certain point, a specific amount of stress is healthy, useful, and beneficial for performance?
A) Selye's Adaptation Principle

B) Yerkes-Dodson Principle

C) DSM-IV Axis Principle

D) Fight-or-Flight Principle

B

Who is recognized as the pioneer researcher on stress who introduced the concepts of Eustress and Distress?

A) Dr. Leung

B) Dr. Hans Selye

C) Sigmund Freud

D) AXA Health Group

B

Events such as dating, getting married, or receiving a job promotion are examples of:

A) Chronic Stress

B) Distress

C) Eustress

D) Episodic Acute Stress

C

Under DSM-IV, occupational problems such as unemployment, threat of job loss, or discord with boss/co-workers are classified under:

A) Axis I

B) Axis II

C) Axis III

D) Axis IV (Psychosocial and Environmental Problems)

D

According to the slide, how is the "Nature of Stress" described?

A) The "wear and tear" our bodies experience as we adjust to our continually changing environment.

B) A pure physical illness that cannot be controlled by cognition.

C) A state that only occurs when experiencing major depression.

D) An objective event that always results in negative outcomes.

A

Which hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla to prepare the body for fight or flight with more power and speed?

A) Cortisol and Insulin

B) Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

C) Estrogen and Progesterone

D) Melatonin and Serotonin

B

What are the three stages of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

A) Shock, Resistance, Recovery

B) Alarm reaction, Resistance, Exhaustion

C) Tension, Action, Relief

D) Appraisal, Coping, Adaptation

B

Which of the following are considered common "psychosomatic" diseases caused or worsened by stress?

A) High blood pressure, peptic ulcers, asthma, eczema and hives

B) Common cold, malaria, tuberculosis

C) Type 1 genetic blindness, color blindness

D) Broken bones, sprains

A

In the context of economic costs, macroeconomic studies show that the cost for mental health problems accounts for what percentage of GNP in many developed countries?

A) 0.19% - 0.52%

B) 1% - 2%

C) 3% - 4% (ILO, 2000; WHO, 2001)

D) 10% - 15%

C

According to student stress data, what are identified as the top frequent stressors and the top powerful stressors?

A) Frequent: Test and financial problems; Powerful: Death of a parent and unwanted pregnancy

B) Frequent: Homework and exams; Powerful: Public speaking and group projects

C) Frequent: Climate change and politics; Powerful: Job loss

D) Frequent: Social media and cyberbullying; Powerful: Loneliness

A

Which of the following best defines "Culture Shock" among international students?

A) A physical illness caused by eating foreign food.

B) A disorienting experience characterized by anxiety, frustration, confusion, and feelings of alienation due to unfamiliar environments.

C) A sudden drop in academic GPA during the first week of university.

D) An inability to learn a second language.

B

Physiological measures to assess stress include a normal resting heart rate and respiration rate of:

A) Heart rate: 50-60 bpm; Respiration: 8-10 breaths/min

B) Heart rate: 70-80 beats per minute; Respiration: 12-16 breaths per minute

C) Heart rate: 90-100 bpm; Respiration: 20-25 breaths/min

D) Heart rate: 60-70 bpm; Respiration: 6-8 breaths/min

B

In time management theory, what is "Diffusion" defined as?

A) Where am I going?

B) What should I do?

C) Mental and physical overload

D) Escape to fantasy land

C

Which of the following represents the correct motto for positive time management?

A) Work hard, play hard

B) Work smart not hard

C) Focus only on perfectionism

D) Time is an infinite resource

B

What is the third most common form of sleep disorder, affecting about 10-20% of people (and is a serious problem in Hong Kong), involving grinding or clenching the teeth during sleep?

A) Insomnia

B) Sleep apnea

C) Bruxism

D) Narcolepsy

C

Column A (Pattern)	Column B (Characteristics)
1. Wanting not to know (Muốn không biết)	A. Passive stance; no strong interest or expected benefit, so attention goes elsewhere without actively blocking.
2. Not wanting to know (Không muốn biết)	B. Active stance; people anticipate emotional cost so they refuse information, blocking ears or averting eyes to protect mood/habits.

1.B 2.A

Column A (Value Type)	Column B (Guiding Question)
1. Instrumental value (Giá trị công cụ)	A. How will the information make me feel? (Positive/Negative emotions)
2. Hedonic value (Giá trị hưởng lạc)	B. Is the information interesting for its own sake? (Curiosity)
3. Cognitive value (Giá trị nhận thức)	C. Does the information improve decisions or outcomes?

1.C 2. A 3. B

Who originally stated in 1693 that "A sound mind in a sound body is a short but full description of a happy state in this world"?

A) Dr. Hans Selye

B) John Locke, Philosopher

C) Prof. Siu Oi-ling

D) Sigmund Freud

B

What does "Allostatic load" represent in the context of chronic stress?

A) The immediate burst of energy during a fight-or-flight response.

B) The physiological consequences of chronic exposure to heightened neural or neuroendocrine response (wear and tear of the body).

C) The total amount of social support a person receives.

D) The recovery stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome.

B

Which sleep disorder involves grinding or clenching the teeth during sleep, is the third most common form of sleep disorder, and affects about 10-20% of people (posing a serious problem in Hong Kong)?

A) Insomnia

B) Sleep apnea

C) Bruxism

D) Narcolepsy

C

What is the primary reason people become very vulnerable to illness for a few days right after acute stress ends?

A) Adrenaline hormones shut down first, while cortisol (which suppresses the immune system) lingers around longer.

B) The body's temperature drops suddenly.

C) The digestive system completely stops working.

D) White blood cells multiply too quickly and cause inflammation.

A

High levels of cortisol are strong predictors of which major disease?

A) Type 1 Diabetes

B) Heart disease

C) Skin cancer

D) Alzheimer's disease

B

What is a key consequence of chronic stress on the immune system regarding autoimmune diseases?

A) The immune system over-produces lymphocytes to cure all infections.

B) The immune system might attack your own body, leading to about 60 different autoimmune disorders (e.g., diabetes and circular hair loss).

C) The immune system becomes completely immune to viruses.

D) Killer T cells multiply and destroy healthy organ tissues.

B

: In the term "Psychosomatic", what do "Psyche" and "Soma" translate to?

A) Psyche = the mind; Soma = the body

B) Psyche = the brain; Soma = the blood

C) Psyche = emotion; Soma = illness

D) Psyche = stress; Soma = recovery

A

How is "Deliberate Ignorance" defined in recent psychological research?

A) A permanent medical condition where a person loses memory due to trauma.

B) Choosing not to seek, or actively avoiding available information, often driven by anticipated negative emotions.

C) An unconscious defense mechanism that completely blocks stress hormones.

D) A positive time management technique to ignore distractions.

B

Which of the following emotions are identified as driving the avoidance of information (Deliberate Ignorance)?

A) Happiness, pride, hope, and excitement

B) Sadness, fear, anger, guilt, shame, and despair

C) Relaxation, calmness, and satisfaction

D) Empathy, love, and compassion

B

Column A (Tuyến / Vùng)	Column B (Hormone)
1. Adrenal medulla (Tủy thượng thận) PDF	A. Cortisol PDF
2. Adrenal cortex (Vỏ thượng thận) PDF	B. Epinephrine & Norepinephrine PDF

1.B 2.A

Column A (Tuyến / Vùng)	Column B (Hormone)
1. Adrenal medulla (Tủy thượng thận) PDF	A. Cortisol PDF
2. Adrenal cortex (Vỏ thượng thận) PDF	B. Epinephrine & Norepinephrine PDF

1.B 2.A

Column A (Độ phức tạp công việc)	Column B (Mức độ kích thích tối ưu - Arousal Level)
1. Low complexity tasks (Easy tasks) (Nhiệm vụ dễ) PDF	A. Low level of arousal PDF
2. Medium complexity tasks (Nhiệm vụ trung bình) PDF	B. High level of arousal PDF
3. High complexity tasks (Difficult tasks) (Nhiệm vụ khó) PDF	C. Medium level of arousal PDF

1.B 2.C 3.A

Column A (Diseases)	Column B (Key Slide Descriptions)
1. Cancer	A. Commonly follows some form of emotional or physical upset to the system.
2. Diabetes	B. Linked to stress symptoms such as anger, fear, and feelings of hopelessness.
3. Autoimmune diseases (e.g., circular hair loss)	C. Caused when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues due to chronic stress.

1.B 2.A 3.C

Column A (Emotions)	Column B (Slide Descriptions)
1. Fear	A. Anticipated anxiety makes many prefer uncertainty over a clear answer regarding health risks or date of death.
2. Guilt	B. Information threatens a comfortable self-image of being a decent person due to everyday choices.
3. Shame	C. Being seen as selfish or hypocritical, avoiding facts that force a painful re-evaluation of identity.

1.A 2.B 3.C

Which of the following is categorized under "Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems" in DSM-IV regarding stress and mental illness? A) Genetic brain mutations

B) Occupational problems (e.g., unemployment, threat of job loss, discord with boss)

C) Acute bone fractures

D) Viral infections

B

What is the definition of "Episodic Acute Stress" according to Lecture 1 terminology? A) Short-term stressor that disappears quickly without any side effects.

B) Long-term stress caused by poverty and chronic illness.

C) A condition where people become overaroused, short-tempered, irritable, tense, and nervous frequently.

D) Pleasurable and satisfying stress that keeps life interesting.

C

In terms of physiological measures used by students to assess stress, what are the normal baseline ranges for resting heart rate and respiration rate? A) Heart rate: 50-60 bpm; Respiration: 8-10 breaths/min

B) Heart rate: 70-80 beats per minute; Respiration: 12-16 breaths per minute

C) Heart rate: 90-100 bpm; Respiration: 20-25 breaths/min

D) Heart rate: 100-120 bpm; Respiration: 30 breaths/min

B

Which of the following best describes "Presenteeism" under the indirect costs of work stress?

A) Employees skipping work entirely without valid reasons.

B) Employees showing up at work or university, but their mind is distracted, leading to reduced productivity and low performance.

C) The direct medical costs paid for treating high blood pressure.

D) Receiving financial compensation due to workplace injuries.

B

What is the psychological definition of "Psychosomatic illness"?
A) A disease caused strictly by physical bacteria with no mental involvement.

B) A physical disease that is thought to be caused, or made worse, by mental or emotional factors (Psyche = mind, Soma = body).

C) A mental disorder that has no physical symptoms whatsoever.

D) A temporary memory blackout during public speaking.

B

In the context of "Deliberate Ignorance", what distinguishes "Wanting not to know" from "Not wanting to know"?
A) "Wanting not to know" is an active stance driven by anticipated emotional cost, whereas "Not wanting not to know" is a passive stance due to lack of interest.

B) "Wanting not to know" is caused by financial problems, while "Not wanting to know" is caused by physical illness.

C) There is no difference; they are identical terms in psychology.

D) "Wanting not to know" only happens during sleep, while "Not wanting to know" happens during exams.

A

Column A (Groups)	Column B (Specific Stressors)
1. Top powerful stressors for ALL students	A. Being rejected, breaking up, unfaithfulness of an intimate partner, broken engagement, and unwanted pregnancy.
2. Specific top stressors for Female students	B. Death of a parent and unwanted pregnancy.

1.B 2.A

Column A (Coping Strategies)	Column B (Descriptions)
1. Bicultural identity	A. Developing an identity that incorporates elements of both the home and host cultures.
2. Resilience enhancement	B. Building psychological strength and capability to bounce back from adversity.

1.A 2.B

Q1. According to the student life event data (Hobson et al., 1998 cited in Lecture 2), which of the following life events ranks the highest with the maximum mean incident score of 87?

A) Major injury or illness to self

B) Death of Spouse / Mate

C) Detention in jail

D) Foreclosure on loan/mortgage

b

Under the "7 Deadly Sins of Time Management", how is "Confusion" specifically characterized in the lecture slide?

A) Where am I going?

B) What should I do?

C) Mental and physical overload

D) Escape to fantasy land

a

Under the "7 Deadly Sins of Time Management", how is "Indecision" specifically characterized in the lecture slide?

A) Where am I going?

B) What should I do?

C) Mental and physical overload

D) Escape to fantasy land

b

Under the "7 Deadly Sins of Time Management", how is "Avoidance" specifically characterized in the lecture slide?

A) Where am I going?

B) What should I do?

C) Mental and physical overload

D) Escape to fantasy land

d

Under the "7 Deadly Sins of Time Management", how is "Interruption" specifically characterized in the lecture slide?

A) Where am I going?

B) Getting started is the hard part

C) Mental and physical overload

D) Escape to fantasy land

b

Under the "7 Deadly Sins of Time Management", how is "Procastination" specifically characterized in the lecture slide?

A) Where am I going?

B) Getting started is the hard part

C) That will keep for another day

D) Escape to fantasy land

c

Regarding the immune system and long-term chronic stress, what specialized cells are hindered from being produced or maintained, which are normally responsible for seeking out and destroying foreign invaders or cancer cells?

A) Red blood cells and platelets

B) Lymphocytes (white blood cells) and natural killer cells (killer T cells)

C) Epithelial skin cells

D) Neurons and glial cells

b

In the context of "Deliberate Ignorance", which of the three values of information refers specifically to how information will make a person feel (such as bringing positive pride/hope or negative fear/guilt)?

A) Instrumental value

B)Hedonic value

C) Cognitive value

D) Economic value

b

Which of the six emotions that drive information avoidance is characterized by the feeling of being powerless to help, leading people to protect themselves by "not looking"?

A) Anger

B) Guilt

C) Despair

D) Shame

c

Column A	Column B
1. Bruxism (Nghiến răng khi ngủ)	A. Serious Physical Symptoms
2. Ulcers & Cancer	B. Minor Physical Symptoms
3. Backache, Migraine & Muscle Spasms	C. Medium-term / Sleep Disorders

1.C 2.A 3.B

Column A	Column B
4. Adrenal Medulla (Tủy thượng thận)	D. Produces Cortisol (battles inflammation, weakens immunity in long term)
5. Adrenal Cortex (Vỏ thượng thận)	E. Produces Epinephrine & Norepinephrine (power and speed for fight-or-flight)
6. Hypothalamus	F. Generates the deep brain fight-or-flight reflex response

4.E 5.D 6.F

According to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model in Lecture 2, what happens if the body continues to maintain a state of resistance for too long without recovery time?
A) The body automatically transitions into beneficial Eustress.
B) It enters the Exhaustion stage as reserves are depleted, leading to physical illness or collapse.
C) The hypothalamus permanently stops hormone production.
D) The immune system works twice as hard to compensate.

B

According to the "Inverted U Hypothesis" regarding performance and arousal level, what level of physiological arousal is best for extremely difficult tasks (high complexity tasks)?

A) High level of arousal because it creates diamond-like pressure.

B) Medium level of arousal.

C) Low level of arousal, because excessive arousal will ruin performance and cause confusion.

D) No arousal at all.

C

When studying the immune system and long-term chronic stress, the professor emphasizes that stress hinders the body from producing and maintaining which type of white blood cells responsible for seeking out and destroying virus-infected or cancer cells?
A) Red blood cells
B) Lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells (Killer T cells) C) Platelets
D) Epithelial cells

B

From the perspective of chronic stress, how do autoimmune disorders (such as type 1 diabetes or circular hair loss / alopecia areata) occur?
A) The immune system overproduces benign cells.
B) The immune system becomes too weak to fight external bacteria.
C) The immune system becomes disordered and mistaken, turning to attack the body's own tissues and organs (about 60 different disorders).
D) Due to a deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream.

C

According to John Locke's philosophical lens (1693) opening Lecture 3, which statement best reflects the message regarding the relationship between the mind and the body?

A) A healthy body is completely independent of thoughts in the mind.

B) "A sound mind in a sound body" - What is going on in your mind determines what is happening inside your body.

C) The mind is only governed when the body enters the Exhaustion stage.

D) Healthy happiness can only be achieved through direct medical treatment drugs.

b