5.1-5.2 Cell Growth and Division

cell cycle

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Mitosis

cell nucleus and its contents divide

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

Chromatid

one half of a duplicated chromosome

Centromere

the area where two sister chromatids are attached

anaphase

the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs (sister chromatids) are separated and pulled toward opposite poles

Metaphase

second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Prophase

first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes coil up and become visible. The centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus. Nuclear membrane breaks down.

Telophase

the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

Apoptosis

programmed cell death

1) replace dead or dying cells

2) Grow

Why do cells have to replicate

Interphase

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

Telemere

found on the ends of chromatids, it prevent a chromosome from eroding or getting attached to another chromosome

Histones

protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled around

To make it easier to separate the chromosomes into two equal sets

Why do chromosomes coil up in mitosis?

The surface area to volume ratio

What limits the size of the cell

So they can be read during the rest of the cell cycle

Why do chromosomes uncoil in telophase?

Gap 1 (G1)

cells grow, carry out normal functions, and replicate their organelles

S stage

DNA replication occurs

Gap 2 (G2)

Additional growth happens and the cell prepares for mitosis

G1

Which stage of the cell cycle varies in length of time depending on the tissue?

two identical daughter cells

What is the end result of mitosis?