Unit 2 Water & Biomolecules - Chemistry of Life

Bio Honors Unit 2 Test

Organelle

A structure that performs a function in a cell (Ex: nucleus in a nerve cell)

Tissue

A group of similar cells that perform a function (Ex: muscle or nervous tissue)

Emergent Properties

A characteristic that a system has but the individual parts don’t have on their own

Subatomic Particles

Units of matter that are smaller than an atom (Ex: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons)

Ionic Bonds

When one atom gives up an electron to another atom (Ex: Table Salt - NaCl)

Hydrogen Bonds

The attraction of a + charged hydrogen to a - charged atom nearby (oxygen)

Organic Compounds

Contain C and H, held together by covalent bonds, associated with living/once living organisms

Inorganic Compounds

Do NOT contain C and H, held together by ionic bonds, associated with non-living matter

Polar Molecule

A structure with an uneven distribution of electron charge, creating a positive end and negative end

Glycogen

Storage of glucose in the liver of animals

Starch

Storage of glucose in plants

Cellulose

Forms plant cell walls

Saturated Fats

Has no double covalent bonds so it is straight and can pack together making it solid at room temperature, unhealthy (Ex: Dairy, meats, butter)

Unsaturated Fats

Has one or more double carbon-carbon bonds, making it have bends so its less packed together and liquid at room temperature, healthy (Ex: Plant products, oils, avocados, nuts)

Glycerol

A backbone for fats that forms triglycerides and phospholipids

Phospholipids

A lipid molecule that is the main building block of cell membranes

Catalyst

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

Activation Energy

The energy needed for a chemical reaction